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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialPython编程中字符串和列表的基本知识讲解

Python 字符串
字符串是 Python 中最常用的数据类型。我们可以使用引号来创建字符串。
创建字符串很简单,只要为变量分配一个值即可。例如:

var1 = 'Hello World!'
var2 = "Python Programming"


Python访问字符串中的值
Python不支持单字符类型,单字符也在Python也是作为一个字符串使用。
Python访问子字符串,可以使用方括号来截取字符串,如下实例:

#!/usr/bin/python

var1 = 'Hello World!'
var2 = "Python Programming"

print "var1[0]: ", var1[0]
print "var2[1:5]: ", var2[1:5]

以上实例执行结果:

var1[0]: H
var2[1:5]: ytho

Python字符串更新
你可以对已存在的字符串进行修改,并赋值给另一个变量,如下实例:

#!/usr/bin/python

var1 = 'Hello World!'
print "Updated String :- ", var1[:6] + 'Python'


以上实例执行结果

Updated String :- Hello Python

Python 列表(Lists)
序列是Python中最基本的数据结构。序列中的每个元素都分配一个数字 - 它的位置,或索引,第一个索引是0,第二个索引是1,依此类推。
Python有6个序列的内置类型,但最常见的是列表和元组。
序列都可以进行的操作包括索引,切片,加,乘,检查成员。
此外,Python已经内置确定序列的长度以及确定最大和最小的元素的方法。
列表是最常用的Python数据类型,它可以作为一个方括号内的逗号分隔值出现。
列表的数据项不需要具有相同的类型
创建一个列表,只要把逗号分隔的不同的数据项使用方括号括起来即可。如下所示:

list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000];
list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ];
list3 = ["a", "b", "c", "d"];

与字符串的索引一样,列表索引从0开始。列表可以进行截取、组合等。
访问列表中的值
使用下标索引来访问列表中的值,同样你也可以使用方括号的形式截取字符,如下所示:

#!/usr/bin/python

list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000];
list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ];

print "list1[0]: ", list1[0]
print "list2[1:5]: ", list2[1:5]

以上实例输出结果:

list1[0]: physics
list2[1:5]: [2, 3, 4, 5]

更新列表
你可以对列表的数据项进行修改或更新,你也可以使用append()方法来添加列表项,如下所示:

#!/usr/bin/python

list = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000];

print "Value available at index 2 : "
print list[2];
list[2] = 2001;
print "New value available at index 2 : "
print list[2];

注意:我们会在接下来的章节讨论append()方法的使用
以上实例输出结果:

Value available at index 2 :
1997
New value available at index 2 :
2001

删除列表元素
可以使用 del 语句来删除列表的的元素,如下实例:

#!/usr/bin/python

list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000];

print list1;
del list1[2];
print "After deleting value at index 2 : "
print list1;

以上实例输出结果:

['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]
After deleting value at index 2 :
['physics', 'chemistry', 2000]

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