In C language: what does it mean and how to express it

In C language, the colon (:) represents a statement block and is used to group related statements. It is also used in conditional statements to separate different cases, in loop statements to separate conditions and loop bodies, in enumeration declarations to separate constants and integer values, and in goto statements to identify program locations.

The purpose and representation of colon: in C language

In C language, colon (:) is used to represent Multiple directly related statements. It is a statement delimiter that allows writing a series of interrelated statements, called a statement block, on a single line.

Representation method

To represent a colon, in C language, just use a single character colon (:). The colon must be followed by a newline character or other statement.

Purpose

Colon is mainly used for the following purposes:

• Statement block: Group related statements into A block of statements.
• Conditional statements: Separate code blocks for different situations in conditional statements such as if-else and switch.
• Loop statements: Separate the condition and loop body of the loop in for and while loops.
• Enumeration declaration: Separate enumeration constants and their integer values ​​within the enumeration type.
• Tags: Identifies the location in the program in the goto statement.

Examples

Here are some code examples using colons:

// 语句块
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
  sum += i;
}

// 条件语句
if (age >= 18) {
  printf("您已成年。\n");
} else {
  printf("您未成年。\n");
}

// 循环语句
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
  printf("%d\n", i);
}

Note:

• There must be a newline character or other statement after the colon.
• In conditional statements, colons are used to separate conditions and statement blocks. In a loop statement, a colon is used to separate the loop condition and the loop body.

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