How to select specific source when installing pip?

How does pip specify the source for installation?

1. Introduction

When we use Python to develop projects, we usually use the pip command line tool to install, upgrade, and uninstall Python packages. By default, pip uses the official repository (pypi) to download and install packages. However, due to limitations of the network environment, sometimes we need to specify other sources for installation.

2. Basic usage of pip to install specified sources

When using pip to install a package, you can use the parameters -i or -- index-url to specify the source. The following is an example, assuming that we want to install a package from the mirror source of Tsinghua University:

pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple package_name

Among them, package_name is the name of the package to be installed, https:// pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple is the mirror source address of Tsinghua University.

3. Advanced usage of specifying sources

In addition to using the -i parameter to specify the source, pip also supports the use of configuration files for source management. The default path of the configuration file is the .pip/pip.conf file in the user's home directory. We can manually edit this file to specify the sources to use.

Assuming that we want to use the mirror source of Tsinghua University as the default source, we need to follow the following steps:

3.1 Start the terminal and use the following commands to create the .pip folder and pip.conf file :

mkdir ~/.pip
touch ~/.pip/pip.conf

3.2 Open the pip.conf file using a text editor and add the following content:

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

3.3 Save the file and close the editor.

Now, when we use pip to install the package, we will automatically use the mirror source of Tsinghua University to download and install.

4. Notes on specifying the source

When specifying the source for installation, there are some things worth noting:

4.1 Network environment: Use the source for installation The installation of the package needs to ensure that the network environment is normal, and the availability of the source can be checked through the ping command.

4.2 Source selection: You can choose the source that suits you according to the actual situation. Generally, domestic users can choose mirror sources such as Tsinghua University and Alibaba Cloud, and foreign users can choose official sources.

4.3 Private source: If you have special needs, such as using your own private source to install packages, you can follow the documents provided by the private source.

5. Summary

Specifying the source for package installation through pip can help us quickly install the required Python packages in a limited network environment. This article introduces the use of -i parameters and configuration files to specify the source, taking the mirror source of Tsinghua University as an example for detailed explanation. I hope this article can be helpful to everyone.

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