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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial改善PHP开发方式的5种方法_PHP

关于如何使用PHP语言来开发应用程序,我们每个人都有自己的技巧和方法。实际上,我们大家都知道,有很多种方式和方法可以让开发变得更加简单。尽管如此,还是有一些方法,尤其是编码样式和习惯,是大家公认的。我们列举出了5种可以改善PHP开发方式的方法。

组织和样式

组织和样式

我们不应该轻视代码的组织,选择的编码样式应该是事先约定好的,许多人只是随机的在做这些事情,这让他们的代码变得十分混乱,十分令人难以理解。

你可以在那里宣称自己是最好的开发者,但是,如果你的代码缺乏良好的组织,你是不会走的太远的。举个例子,比如说,在当地的社区大学中,你是一名教师。如果你决定从初级和高级的资料中随机地选取一大堆知识,然后按照这种顺序把这些知识教授给你的学生——而不是从初级到高级,循序渐进地教授给你的学生,那么你的学生们会十分困惑,而且,作为一名教师,他们是不会欢迎你的,如果他们不欢迎你,他们就不会上你的课。

我的观点是,找出一种适合你的组织方法和编码样式,并且一直坚持下去,这样的话,你的代码的组织和布局会变得十分有条理。

内部文档

内部文档

对于独立的开发者来说,内部文档并不是很流行,它主要是面向企业项目和开源项目的。但是,这并不是说,内部文档对你的项目没有好处。对于你的项目来说,内部文档是改善你的编码和工作方式的重中之重。

许多支持PHP的集成开发环境(IDE)都支持内部文档,这可以帮助你记住你创建那些函数的时候用了哪些参数,或者,那些函数的功能是什么,如果你把你的项目移交给另外一个开发者或团队,他们一定会对这份内部文档心存感激的,因为它传递了和PHP项目(尤其是那些规模较大的PHP项目)有关的大量信息。

变更日志

变更日志

可以改善你的开发习惯的另外一种方法是创建你自己的变更日志。你过去可能遇到过这种情况:你正在开发一个大型的项目,但是你不得不停下来几个月,然后才能继续开发这个项目,当你回来继续开发这个项目的时候,你已经忘记当时停下来的地方和你应该从哪里开始继续开发这个项目了。

在我们的开发生涯中,我们每个人都会遇到这种情况。这是因为我们停下来的地方并没有留下变更日志或记录。这需要花一些时间来适应,主要是因为修改变更日志有点麻烦,但是,如果做的好的话,绝对是“物有所值”的,因为回到一个项目,知道你当时停下来的地方和应该从哪里开始比什么都重要。

版本控制软件

版本控制软件

也许你会认为,使用一个版本控制软件(例如:subversion)对于你来说有点太夸张了,但是,令人吃惊的是,很多开发者从来不对过去的版本进行备份。

许多开发者也经常在反思,为什么当他们最后意外地销毁一些代码的时候,他们没有对这些项目进行备份呢。我自己也是一个牺牲者,当我开发我的项目的时候,我意外地删除了一些代码,但是我无法弥补我犯下的“罪行”了。因为在我上次修改它以前,我没有对这个项目进行备份,所以我不可不重写那个代码段。从那次“事故”以后,我就开始使用我自己的版本控制系统了,它很简单,但是足以满足我的需要了。

此外,使用一个版本控制系统可以帮助你把那些做备份和保存修订版本的任务自动化,当你发现自己需要下载这个项目的旧版本的时候,这至少也可以节省你好几个小时的时间(也有可能是几天的时间)。

单元测试

单元测试

对于大型的PHP项目来说,单元测试是一个测试代码段的好方法。虽然选择框架需要花费一些时间,但是我们大家都知道,有时,当我们开发的时候,一些错误都很难发现,更不用说进入已经完成的项目在大海里捞针了。单元测试绝对是确保你的代码可以正常工作的一种彻底而有效地的方法。

你可以把它当成一个可以快速而有效地从大海里捞到针的工具,和一个可能花费了好几个小时也找不到Bug的工具比起来,你肯定更愿意使用这个优秀的工具。此外,如果你经常开发大型的项目,那么单元测试绝对是你应该考虑的事情。

原文名:5 Methods To Improving Your PHP Development Lifestyle

原文链接:http://boxiedesigner.com/web-development/5-methods-to-improving-your-php-development-lifestyle/

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