Table-driven testing practice in Golang

Table-driven testing practice in Golang

Introduction:
In the software development process, testing is a very important link, it can help developers discover and fix problems in the program to improve the quality and reliability of the software. Table-driven testing is a commonly used testing method that can test more efficiently and provide better code coverage.

What is table driven testing?
Table-driven testing is a testing method that stores test data and expected results in a table, and then executes multiple test cases at one time based on the data in the table. In Golang, table-driven testing is usually implemented using testing framework packages such as testing and testing/iotest.

Why use table-driven testing?
Using table-driven testing has the following advantages:

1. Improve repeatability: By executing multiple test cases at one time, the consistency and repeatability of the test can be better ensured.
2. Improve maintainability: Storing test data and expected results in tables makes it easier to maintain and modify test cases.
3. Increase code coverage: Using table-driven testing can test more input combinations, thereby improving code coverage.

Example:
Now let's look at an example, assuming there is a simple string utility function ReverseString, which can reverse a string.

package main

import "fmt"

func ReverseString(s string) string {
    runes := []rune(s)
    for i, j := 0, len(runes)-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
        runes[i], runes[j] = runes[j], runes[i]
    }
    return string(runes)
}

func main() {
    s := "Hello, World!"
    fmt.Println(ReverseString(s)) // 输出：!dlroW ,olleH
}

Now we want to test the ReverseString function, and we can use table-driven testing to cover multiple situations.

package main

import (
    "testing"
)

func TestReverseString(t *testing.T) {
    testCases := []struct {
        input    string
        expected string
    }{
        {"", ""},                           // 空字符串
        {"Hello, World!", "!dlroW ,olleH"}, // 带标点符号
        {"12345", "54321"},                 // 全数字字符串
        {"abcdefg", "gfedcba"},             // 全字母字符串
        {"你好，世界！", "！界世，好你"},    // 中文字符串
    }

    for _, tc := range testCases {
        output := ReverseString(tc.input)
        if output != tc.expected {
            t.Errorf("ReverseString(%q) = %q, expected %q", tc.input, output, tc.expected)
        }
    }
}

In the above example, we define a structure testCase that contains the input string and expected results, and then store multiple test cases in testCases Slicing. Next, we use the for loop to traverse testCases in sequence and execute the ReverseString function for testing. Finally, we judge whether the actual output and the expected output are equal based on the test results, and if they are not equal, an error message is output.

Execute the test:
To execute the above test, just run the go test command in the terminal.

$ go test

The running results are as follows:

PASS
ok      _/path/to/package  0.012s

Summary:
Through table-driven testing, we can more efficiently test and verify the various input and output conditions of the function, improving code quality and reliability sex. In addition, using test framework packages such as testing and testing/iotest, combined with tabular data can better organize and maintain test cases. I hope that this article can help readers better understand and apply table-driven testing technology in Golang.

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