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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutoriallinux使用crontab实现PHP执行计划定时任务_PHP

首先说说cron,它是一个linux下的定时执行工具。根用户以外的用户可以使用 crontab 工具来配置 cron 任务。所有用户定义的 crontab 都被保存在/var/spool/cron 目录中,并使用创建它们的用户身份来执行。要以某用户身份创建一个 crontab 项目,登录为该用户,然后键入 crontab -e 命令来编辑该用户的 crontab。该文件使用的格式和 /etc/crontab 相同。当对 crontab 所做的改变被保存后,该 crontab 文件就会根据该用户名被保存,并写入文件 /var/spool/cron/username 中。cron 守护进程每分钟都检查 /etc/crontab 文件、etc/cron.d/ 目录、以及 /var/spool/cron 目录中的改变。如果发现了改变,它们就会被载入内存。这样,当某个 crontab 文件改变后就不必重新启动守护进程了。

安装crontab:

yum install crontabs

说明:
/sbin/service crond start //启动服务
/sbin/service crond stop //关闭服务
/sbin/service crond restart //重启服务
/sbin/service crond reload //重新载入配置

查看crontab服务状态:service crond status

手动启动crontab服务:service crond start

查看crontab服务是否已设置为开机启动,执行命令:ntsysv

加入开机自动启动:
chkconfig –level 35 crond on

crontab命令:

功能说明:设置计时器。

语  法:crontab [-u ][配置文件] 或 crontab [-u ][-elr]

补充说明:cron是一个常驻服务,它提供计时器的功能,让用户在特定的时间得以执行预设的指令或程序。只要用户会编辑计时器的配置文件,就可以使 用计时器的功能。其配置文件格式如下:
Minute Hour Day Month DayOFWeek Command

参  数:
-e  编辑该用户的计时器设置。
-l  列出该用户的计时器设置。
-r  删除该用户的计时器设置。
-u  指定要设定计时器的用户名称。

crontab 格式:

基本格式 :

分钟   小时   日   月   星期   命令

*        *      *    *     *       *

第1列表示分钟1~59 每分钟用*或者 */1表示
第2列表示小时1~23(0表示0点)
第3列表示日期1~31
第4列 表示月份1~12
第5列标识号星期0~6(0表示星期天)
第6列要运行的命令

记住几个特殊符号的含义:
“*”代表取值范围内的数字,
“/”代表”每”,
“-”代表从某个数字到某个数字,
“,”分开几个离散的数字

# Use the hash sign to prefix a comment
# +—————- minute (0 – 59)
# | +————- hour (0 – 23)
# | | +———- day of month (1 – 31)
# | | | +——- month (1 – 12)
# | | | | +—- day of week (0 – 7) (Sunday=0 or 7)
# | | | | |
# * * * * * command to be executed

crontab几个例子如下:

(1)第一个例子。

30 21 * * * /etc/init.d/nginx restart
每晚的21:30重启 nginx。

(2)第二个例子,也就是本教程测试的例子

* * * * * /usr/bin/php -f /root/test.php >> test.log

每一分钟执行/root/test.php文件,将结果输出到test.log中。

完成了上面基础工作后,就来看看怎么使用crontab定时执行PHP脚本:

(1)我在/root下新建test.php文件,内容如下:

复制代码 代码如下:
        #!/usr/bin/php -q
        echo  date('Y-m-d H:i:s')."from http://www.phpddt.com \n";
?>

说明:你可以用whereis php查找php执行文件位置。


(2)然后crontab -e编写如下shell:

复制代码 代码如下:
* * * * * /usr/bin/php -f /root/test.php >> test.log

说明:test.php必须为可执行文件:chmod +x test.php

测试结果很正常,截图如下:

linux使用crontab实现PHP执行计划定时任务_PHP

当然你可以用使用crontab -e继续添加任务,在/var/spool/cron下你可以看到一个root文件。
windows下直接用windows计划任务,通过bat打开网页就可以了。不像linux这么复制。

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