laravel backend database building process

Laravel is a very popular PHP framework and provides a lot of convenience in web application development. Laravel supports many database technologies, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite. This article will introduce how to use Laravel to interact with MySQL database, mainly including the following steps:

1. Install MySQL
2. Create database
3. Configure Laravel environment variables
4. Create migration
5. Run migration
6. Install MySQL

First, you must install MySQL on your local computer. You can use the official MySQL installer. Or use a package like XAMPP. In order to use Laravel, you need to add the installation path of MySQL to your computer's environment variables. On Windows systems, you can do this:

1) Open Control Panel-> System and Security-> System-> Advanced System Settings-> Environment Variables

2) In In "System Variables", find "Path" and add the MySQL bin folder path to the end. For example:

C:Program FilesMySQLMySQL Server 8.0in;

2. Create database

Use a MySQL client program (such as the MySQL command line client or phpMyAdmin) to create a new database, for example:

CREATE DATABASE laravel_db;

Next, you need to set up the database connection in the Laravel project.

3. Configuring Laravel environment variables

Use a text editor to open the .env file of the Laravel project. This is the environment variable file used by Laravel. In this file, you can set various variables and parameters required by the application, including database connection information.

DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=laravel_db
DB_USERNAME=root
DB_PASSWORD=

These parameters are relatively easy to understand. DB_CONNECTIONSpecify which database system to use, such as MySQL; DB_HOST, DB_PORT, and DB_DATABASESpecify the host name, port number, and The database name, while DB_USERNAME and DB_PASSWORD are the connection username and password. You must ensure that these values ​​match the configuration of MySQL before you can successfully connect to the database.

4. Create migration

Migration is the mechanism for creating, modifying and deleting data tables in Laravel. With migrations, these operations can be done in any environment and the changes can be easily applied to different servers.

In Laravel, migrations are stored in the database/migrations directory. New migration files can be created using Artisan command line tools. For example, the following command will create a migration that creates the users table:

php artisan make:migration create_users_table

This will create a new file in the migrations directory named 2020_07_30_135314_create_users_table.php (the timestamp may vary different). Open this file and you can see that Laravel provides some template code.

<?php

use IlluminateDatabaseMigrationsMigration;
use IlluminateDatabaseSchemaBlueprint;
use IlluminateSupportFacadesSchema;

class CreateUsersTable extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('name');
            $table->string('email')->unique();
            $table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable();
            $table->string('password');
            $table->rememberToken();
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('users');
    }
}

This code defines a table named users in the up() method and specifies each field of the table. The id() method defines the primary key, the name() and email() methods define ordinary string fields, the timestamp() method defines the timestamp, and the rememberToken() method defines the token field used for the "remember me" mechanism. The last timestamps() method defines two timestamp fields (created_at and updated_at).

You can modify this template code as needed, such as adding other fields or modifying existing fields. Once the migration is ready, you can run it.

5. Run migration

In order to create the users table in the database, you need to run Laravel's migration mechanism. You can use the following Artisan command line tool to run the specified migration file:

php artisan migrate --path=/database/migrations/create_users_table.php

This command will print out the status of the migration, including whether the execution was successful or failed, and which tables were actually modified.

Now, you can use the users table in Laravel. You can use Eloquent objects in controllers, models, or other parts to insert data into tables, query and query data in tables, update data, etc.

Summary

The above is the process of building Laravel back-end database. In actual use, you also need to have a deeper understanding of how to use Eloquent and how to conduct more advanced and complex interactions with database systems such as MySQL and PostgreSQL. These knowledge points are very important if you use Laravel to build a large-scale web application.

The above is the detailed content of laravel backend database building process. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!