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How to use CSS to achieve a more three-dimensional shadow effect? The following article will talk about the advanced CSS shadows and introduce how to use CSS to achieve three-dimensional shadow effects. I hope it will be helpful to everyone!
#The existence of CSS shadow makes objects look more three-dimensional. [Recommended learning: css video tutorial]
However, on top of the simplest use of shadows, we can achieve more interesting and more three-dimensional shadow effects.
In CSS, there are three properties that can implement shadows on the surface:
Not much about their basic syntax and usage Description, you can complete this part on MDN first and post a few pictures for a quick review:
box-shadow - Box shadow:
text- shadow - Text shadow:
filter: drop-shaodw() - Shadow within the filter:
Basic The above three shadows are similar. What needs to be noted is:
box-shadow
also differentiates between inner shadows, which are described using the keyword inset
;box-shadow
One more shadow diffusion radius parameter. As mentioned above, the three-dimensional shadow of text can be achieved through multi-layer shadow superposition. It can also be used on containers such as divs. Of course, there is another interesting method here. Suppose we have a rectangular element and want to add a long shadow to it, like the following:
To generate this kind of long shadow, the multi-layer shadow just mentioned can be added , and then use the two pseudo-elements of the element. In fact, the above picture is like this:
The key point is that we use transform on the two pseudo-elements : skew()
Transformation and background color change from solid color to transparent color achieve the effect of long shadow:
CodePen Demo -- Linear gradient simulates long shadow
https://codepen.io/Chokcoco/pen/qJvVGy
Okay, let’s continue. The next topic is Stereoscopic Projection.
This statement is very strange. The purpose of shadows is to make the original elements look more three-dimensional. So what kind of three-dimensional method is the so-called three-dimensional projection here?
The so-called stereoscopic projection here does not necessarily use box-shadow
, text-shadow
or drop-shadow
, but We use other elements or attributes to simulate the element's shadow. The purpose of this is to break through some of the positioning limitations of box-shadow
elements. Make the position, size, and blur of the shadow more flexible.
OK, let’s take a look at such an element. We hope to make it more three-dimensional by customizing the position of the shadow:
div above It just uses a very shallow box-shadow
, which seems to have nothing to do with the three-dimensional. Next, we use the pseudo element of the div to generate a shape similar to the corner shape of the original Let’s talk about how to use CSS to achieve a more three-dimensional shadow effect than ordinary shadows!, and then use Shift the transform, it might look like this:
OK. Finally, apply some blur effect (filter or box-shadow is acceptable) to the element generated with pseudo elements, and it will look like this: You can achieve a three-dimensional effect where the corners look like they have been torn apart:
The code is very simple, the pseudo-CSS code is as follows:
div { position: relative; width: 600px; height: 100px; background: hsl(48, 100%, 50%); border-radius: 20px; } div::before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 5%; right: 5%; bottom: 0; border-radius: 10px; background: hsl(48, 100%, 20%); transform: translate(0, -15%) rotate(-4deg); transform-origin: center center; box-shadow: 0 0 20px 15px hsl(48, 100%, 20%); }
So to summarize :
还有其他很多场景,都可以用类似的技巧实现:
详细完整的代码,你可以戳这里:CodePen Demo -- 立体投影
https://codepen.io/Chokcoco/pen/LgdRKE?editors=1100
还有一类立体效果的阴影就是浮雕阴影,它的本质还是 box-shadow
和 text-shadow
,只是需要控制好颜色的配合以及内外阴影的一起使用。核心就是 2 点:
背景色与内容(文本或者盒子颜色)一致
使用两个相反的方向,使用两组对比明显的颜色值,来实现凹凸效果。
首先,我们来看一个文字版的浮雕效果。
先实现一个凸起的效果,我们需要实现一个背景色和文字色一样的文字:
<div>浮雕阴影</div>
body { background: #999; } div { color: #999; }
效果如下,由于背景色和文字色的颜色一样,所以我们什么都看不到。
不过没事,我们给文字添加一个 1px
x、y 方向的黑色阴影:
div { color: #999; text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #000; }
效果如下:
有点感觉了,再反向,也就是 -1px
x、y 方向添加一个黑色相对,也就白色的阴影:
div { color: #999; text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #000, -1px -1px 1px #fff; }
效果如下,这样我们就得到了一个凸起质感的浮雕阴影:
如果我们把颜色对调一下呢?
div { color: #999; text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #fff, -1px -1px 1px #000; }
就能很轻松的得到凹下质感的浮雕阴影:
上述 DEMO 的完整代码:CodePen Demo - Embossed Shadow
https://codepen.io/Chokcoco/pen/yLPmMXM
我们将运用在文字上的技巧,扩展延伸到容器上,就能得到最近比较火的拟态风格阴影,其原理也是大同小异。
两个阴影,使用两个相反的方向,使用两组对比明显的颜色值,来实现凹凸效果。与文字不同的是,这里的凹效果,我们需要使用盒子的内阴影实现。
<div>浮雕阴影</div> <div>浮雕阴影</div>
div { width: 120px; height: 120px; background: #e9ecef; color: #333; box-shadow: 7px 7px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, .4), -7px -7px 12px rgba(255, 255, 255, .9); } div:nth-child(2) { box-shadow: inset -7px -7px 12px rgba(255, 255, 255, .9), inset 7px 7px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, .4); }
这样,就可以得到拟态风格的按钮,如下图所示,左凸右凹:
再通过一个简单的过渡,就可以实现整个点击的交互:
div { transition: .2s all; box-shadow: 7px 7px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, .4), -7px -7px 12px rgba(255, 255, 255, .9), inset 0 0 0x rgba(255, 255, 255, .9), inset 0 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .4); &:active { box-shadow: 0 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .4), 0 0 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, .9), inset -7px -7px 12px rgba(255, 255, 255, .9), inset 7px 7px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, .4); } }
看看效果:
上面的立体效果在文字上就完全不适用了,所以对待文字的立体阴影效果,还需要另辟蹊径。
正常而言,我们使用 text-shadow 来生成文字阴影,像这样:
<div> Txt Shadow</div> ----- div { text-shadow: 6px 6px 3px hsla(14, 100%, 30%, 1); }
嗯,挺好的,就是不够立体。那么要做到立体文字阴影,最常见的方法就是使用多层文字阴影叠加。
Tips:和box-shadow
一样,text-shadow
是可以叠加多层的!但是对于单个元素而言,drop-shadow
的话就只能是一层。
好,上面的文字,我们试着叠加个 50 层文字阴影试一下。额,50 层手写,其实很快的~
好吧,手写真的太慢了,还容易出错,所以这里我们需要借助一下 SASS/LESS 帮忙,写一个生成 50 层阴影的 function
就好,我们每向右和向下偏移 1px,生成一层 text-shadow:
@function makeLongShadow($color) { $val: 0px 0px $color; @for $i from 1 through 50 { $val: #{$val}, #{$i}px #{$i}px #{$color}; } @return $val; } div { text-shadow: makeLongShadow(hsl(14, 100%, 30%)); }
上面的 SCSS 代码。经过编译后,就会生成如下 CSS:
div { text-shadow: 0px 0px #992400, 1px 1px #992400, 2px 2px #992400, 3px 3px #992400, 4px 4px #992400, 5px 5px #992400, 6px 6px #992400, 7px 7px #992400, 8px 8px #992400, 9px 9px #992400, 10px 10px #992400, 11px 11px #992400, 12px 12px #992400, 13px 13px #992400, 14px 14px #992400, 15px 15px #992400, 16px 16px #992400, 17px 17px #992400, 18px 18px #992400, 19px 19px #992400, 20px 20px #992400, 21px 21px #992400, 22px 22px #992400, 23px 23px #992400, 24px 24px #992400, 25px 25px #992400, 26px 26px #992400, 27px 27px #992400, 28px 28px #992400, 29px 29px #992400, 30px 30px #992400, 31px 31px #992400, 32px 32px #992400, 33px 33px #992400, 34px 34px #992400, 35px 35px #992400, 36px 36px #992400, 37px 37px #992400, 38px 38px #992400, 39px 39px #992400, 40px 40px #992400, 41px 41px #992400, 42px 42px #992400, 43px 43px #992400, 44px 44px #992400, 45px 45px #992400, 46px 46px #992400, 47px 47px #992400, 48px 48px #992400, 49px 49px #992400, 50px 50px #992400; }
看看效果:
额,很不错,很立体。但是,就是丑,而且说不上来的奇怪。
问题出在哪里呢,阴影其实是存在明暗度和透明度的变化的,所以,对于渐进的每一层文字阴影,明暗度和透明度应该都是不断变化的。这个需求,SASS 可以很好的实现,下面是两个 SASS 颜色函数:
fade-out
改变颜色的透明度,让颜色更加透明desaturate
改变颜色的饱和度值,让颜色更少的饱和关于 SASS 颜色函数,可以看看这里:Sass基础—颜色函数
我们使用上面两个 SASS 颜色函数修改一下我们的 CSS 代码,主要是修改上面的 makeLongShadow
function 函数:
@function makelongrightshadow($color) { $val: 0px 0px $color; @for $i from 1 through 50 { $color: fade-out(desaturate($color, 1%), .02); $val: #{$val}, #{$i}px #{$i}px #{$color}; } @return $val; }
好,看看最终效果:
嗯,大功告成,这次顺眼了很多~
详细完整的代码,你可以戳这里:CodePen Demo -- 立体文字阴影
https://codepen.io/Chokcoco/pen/JmgNNa
当然,使用 CSS 生成立体文字阴影的方法还有很多,下面再贴出一例,使用了透明色叠加底色的多重线性渐变实现的文字立体阴影,感兴趣的同学可以去看看具体实现:
详细完整的代码,你可以戳这里:CodePen Demo -- 线性渐变配合阴影实现条纹立体阴影条纹字
https://codepen.io/Chokcoco/pen/XxQJEB?editors=1100
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