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20 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

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2022-01-11 19:12:331998browse

This article will share with you 20 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills. Come and collect them. I hope it will be helpful to everyone!

20 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

flexbox content wrapping

When we use flexbox layout, by default, when the container width is not enough, it may This will happen.

20 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

This is mainly because the default value of flex-wrap is nowrap, so we need to change the value like this.

.options-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

20 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

Spacing

In the design draft provided, it is easy for designers to ignore the relationship between text and other elements under extreme circumstances. The spacing between them may end up in a situation where the text and icon are close to each other.

20 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

To deal with this situation, you need to consider whether it is in the text or icon part, and choose to add a margin value to increase the spacing after analyzing the actual situation.

.section__title {
  margin-right: 1rem;
}

20 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

But in this case, I usually consider adding margin-left to the icon. In this case, the text can still be used when there is no icon. Push to the edge of the container.

Long text content

This is simple, it is the way to deal with text that is too long. Generally, it is line wrapped or truncated and appears in the form of... As for which method to choose, it depends on the design style of the current page module.

The processing method in this article is to truncate... this.

.username {
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

20 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

Prevent images from being stretched or compressed This situation is usually caused when the image is uploaded by the user, or the image is not used in the specified proportion.

20 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

The way to handle it is to directly use the object-fit attribute:

.card__thumb {
  object-fit: cover;
}

Lock scroll link

The main situation is when the modal pop-up layer is clicked on the page and the page content itself is very long.

.modal__content {
  overscroll-behavior-y: contain;
  overflow-y: auto;
}

overscroll-behavior Although it is good, there are currently big compatibility issues.

20 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

CSS variable fallback

This CSS variable fallback, to put it bluntly, actually uses a CSS variable when the value is invalid. "Safe value" to ensure that a certain attribute value is still available.

.message__bubble {
  max-width: calc(100% - var(--actions-width, 70px));
}

However, combined with the previous processing method when writing the front-end page, you may also consider the browser's compatibility issue with var(), then an additional attribute will be added. However, judging from current browsers, it seems that this problem does not exist universally.

.message__bubble {
  max-width: 70px;
  max-width: var(--actions-width, 70px);
}

Use fixed width or height

There is nothing to say about this, it is mainly a protection measure when the content is too long and overflows the container. For example, when we fix the height to 350px, the content will overflow if it is too long.

20 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

And if we replace height with min-height, the situation will be different.

20 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

Similarly, the same applies to width.

Ignored background-repeat

When using the background image, if no-repeat is not added, it will be used by default The background image is spread flat.

20 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

So, it is still a good habit to add no-repeat casually, unless you know whether the background image needs to be tiled.

.hero {
  background-image: url('..');
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
}

Vertical media query This scene has not been seen by Xiaozhi on the page so far. It usually appears more likely in the middle and backend pages, such as the page effects provided by the author.

120 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

左下角是通过 position: sticky; 定位的,可能通过 fixed 定位也是一样吧,然后当浏览器的高度变小的时候,就会叠在左侧的导航上面。

120 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

显然,这样的页面效果就不对了。而如果这个时候,通过 @media 方式判断页面高度,在某个安全区外我们才让左下角这部分通过 sticky 来定位。

@media (min-height: 600px) {
  .aside__secondary {
    position: sticky;
    bottom: 0;
  }
}

使用 justify-content: space-between

原文中这部分标题是 Using Justify-Content: Space-Between,但看起来更应该是 Using gap。使用什么标题不是关键,这部分主要是提到当使用 justify-content: space-between; 时,如果元素不够,元素与元素之间的间距就会拉长,因为要平均分布元素之间的间距。

比如原本是想要这样的一个效果,间距的值是固定的:

120 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

在元素数量足够的情况下,元素与元素之间的间距还是比较理想的,通过下面这个 CSS 处理方式:

.wrapper {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

但,元素的数量总是会不足的时候,那么就会这样了。

120 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

可见,其实并不是想要平均分布,而只是想要在最大的极限情况下和内容不足的时候,元素之间的间距是可控的。一般来说,这个处理方式挺多的,用 margin 之类的也是可以处理,不过目前有一个兼容性并不是十分好的 gap 能完美解决这个问题。

.wrapper {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1rem;
}

120 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

图片上的文字 用户体验上的一个细节处理问题,如果在图片上有文案,但图片没加载出来,或者加载失败的时候,添加一个背景色,以保证图片加载失败的情况下,文字与背景能区分开。

120 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

使用 CSS 网格中的固定值需注意 grid 网格布局现在开始慢慢被关注了,grid 与 flex 一样都可以做自适应的效果,也可以使用固定值的情况。在使用固定值的时候,最好是通过 @media 判断一下宽度,以便于满足最小宽度时的处理。

@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .wrapper {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 250px 1fr;
    gap: 1rem;
  }
}

不过一般这种情况下,可能就直接改变页面布局了,感觉作者在这个方面上担忧是多余的。或者主要是自己未遇到过他所遇到的场景吧。

仅在需要时显示滚动条

这个没啥说的,一般大家都是把 scroll 设置为 auto。不过在个别情况下,可能这个 auto 会让元素的宽度变小,然后导致内容或者布局出现一点小瑕疵。

.element {
  overflow-y: auto;
}

滚动条装订线

这个所谓的装订线,主要就是 scrollbar-gutter 属性,保留滚动条的空间。在上面那个 overflow 例子中提到,如果设置为 auto 的时候,可能会导致页面布局出现非意料的情况,那么 scrollbar-gutter 就可以处理这个问题了。

兼容性还是一个不可避免的话题。

假设不考虑兼容性的问题,那么我们就可以使用这个方法保留滚动条的空间。

.element {
  scrollbar-gutter: stable;
}

120 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

CSS flexbox 中的最小内容大小

在使用 flex 布局的时候,很有可能其中某个 item 的文本内容很长,最终导致没有换行而溢出容器之外。

120 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

这种情况也并不是说没有可能,就算是使用 overflow-wrap: break-word; 也不会有效果,那么这个时候需要加上 min-width: 0; 来处理。

.card__title {
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  min-width: 0;
}

120 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

CSS 网格中的最小内容大小

与 flexbox 类似,CSS 网格的子项有一个默认的最小内容大小,即 auto,这意味着,如果存在大于网格项的元素,它将溢出。

20 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

@media (min-width: 1020px) {
  .wrapper {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 248px;
    grid-gap: 40px;
  }
}

.carousel {
  display: flex;
  overflow-x: auto;
}

对于网格这块,了解的不够深入,直接延用作者的意思就是将 grid-template-columns 的值改变一下,改为:minmax(0, 1fr) 248px 就可以得到下面这个效果。

220 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

自动适合与自动填充

当时看到效果图的时候,我还以为是 flex 布局中的情况,结果是 grid 网格布局中使用的情况。

220 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

在使用 grid 布局时,如果是这样写,利用 auto-fit 的话,就会是上面这个效果,item 不够时会被拉长。

  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
  grid-gap: 1rem;
}

而如果改为 auto-fill 的话就是下面这个效果。

220 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

对于 auto-fit 和 auto-fill 的区别可以看这张图。

220 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

图片最大宽度

作者建议可以在 reset 部分中对 img 加上最大宽度的设置,但没说具体是为什么。个人猜想是考虑图片在容器中的展示吧,同时还有一个 object-fit 属性。

img {
  max-width: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

位置:粘性css网格

在使用 CSS 网格布局时,如果子元素使用了 position: sticky 的话,由于网格子元素的默认对齐方式是 stretch,所以会被拉伸。

220 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

而其实我们想要的是,左侧边栏并非拉伸效果的,所以,需要通过 align-self: start; 改变一下子元素自身的对齐方式。

aside {
  align-self: start;
  position: sticky;
  top: 1rem;
}

这样的话,效果就不一样了。

220 CSS tips to quickly improve your development skills

简单测试了一下,在 flex 布局中也是同样的情况,主要就是因为子元素的特性是拉伸的。

分组选择器

/* Don't do this, please */
input::-webkit-input-placeholder,
input:-moz-placeholder {
  color: #222;
}

现在写 CSS 的时候基本上都不会去写带前缀的属性,而是通过构建工具来自动完成。所以平时也不会在意这个。按照作者的说法是,如果把这两个写在一起,会导致整个规则失效,建议分开写。

input::-webkit-input-placeholder {
  color: #222;
}

input:-moz-placeholder {
  color: #222;
}

最后

以上内容看着其实都是挺简单,挺初级的内容,但是在日常开发过程中,对于 CSS 的注意的确有一些还是不够到位。毕竟有一些内容过于细节了。

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