只要安装一些第三方的库文件并具有一定的几何知识,就可以利用PHP来创建和处理图像了。利用PHP创建动态图像是相当容易的一件事情。下面,笔者将详细介绍如何实现。
在使用基本的图像创建函数之前,需要安装GD库文件。如果要使用与JPEG有关的图像创建函数,还需要安装jpeg-6b,如果要在图像中使用Type 1型字体,则必须安装t1lib。
在建立图像创建环境之前,还需要做一些准备工作。首先,安装t1lib接着安装jpeg-6b,然后再安装GD库文件。在安装时一定要按这里给定的顺序进行安装,因为在编译GD入库时会用到jpeg-6b,如果没有安装jpeg-6b,在编译时就会出错。
在安装完这三个组件后,还需要重新配置一次PHP,这也是你对采用DSO方式安装PHP感到庆幸的地方之一。运行make clean,然后在当前的配置中添加下面的内容:
--with-gd=[/path/to/gd]
--with-jpeg-dir=[/path/to/jpeg-6b]
--with-t1lib=[/path/to/t1lib]
完成添加后执行make命令,然后再执行make install命令,重新启动Apache后运行phpinfo()来检查一下新的设置是否生效了。现在,我们就可以开始图像创建工作了。
根据所安装的GD库文件的版本将决定你是否能创建GIF或PNG格式的图形文件。如果安装的是gd-1.6或以前的版本,可以使用GIF格式的文件但不能创建PNG格式,如果安装的是gd-1.6以后的版本,可以创建PNG文件但不能创建GIF格式的文件。
创建一幅简单的图像也需要用到许多的函数,我们将一步一步地进行说明。
在下面的例子中,我们将创建一个PNG格式的图像文件,下面的代码是一个包含所创建的图像的MIME类型的头部:
<? header ("Content-type: image/png");
使用ImageCreate()创建一个代表空白图像的变量,这个函数要求以像素为单位的图像大小的参数,其格式是ImageCreate(x_size, y_size)。如果要创建一个大小为250×250的图像,就可以使用下面的语句:
$newImg = ImageCreate(250,250);
由于图像还是空白的,因此你可能会希望用一些彩色来填充它。你需要首先使用ImageColorAllocate()函数用其RGB值为这种颜色指定一个名字,这一函数的格式为ImageColorAllocate([image], [red], [green], [blue])。如果要定义天蓝色,可以使用如下的语句:
$skyblue = ImageColorAllocate($newImg,136,193,255);
接下来,需要使用ImageFill()函数用这种颜色填充这个图像,ImageFill()函数有几个版本,例如ImageFillRectangle()、ImageFillPolygon()等。为简单起见,我们通过如下的格式使用ImageFill()函数:
ImageFill([image], [start x point], [start y point], [color])
ImageFill($newImg,0,0,$skyblue);
最后,在图像建立后释放图像句柄和所占用的内存:
ImagePNG($newImg);
ImageDestroy($newImg); ?>
这样,创建图像的全部代码如下所示:
<? header ("Content-type: image/png");
$newImg = ImageCreate(250,250);
$skyblue = ImageColorAllocate($newImg,136,193,255);
ImageFill($newImg,0,0,$skyblue);
ImagePNG($newImg);
ImageDestroy($newImg);
?>
如果把这个脚本文件保存为skyblue.php,并用浏览器访问它,我们会看到一个天蓝色的250×250的PNG格式的图像。
我们还可以使用图像创建函数对图像进行处理,例如把一个较大图像作成一个小图像:
假设你有一幅图像,想从中裁剪出一个35×35大小的图像。你所需要作的是创建一个35×35大小的空白图像,创建一个包含原来图像的图像流,然后把一个经过调整大小的原来的图像放到新的空白图像中。
要完成这一任务的关键函数是ImageCopyResized(),它要求的格式如下所示:
ImageCopyResized([new image handle],[original image handle],[new image X], [new Image Y], [original image X], [original image Y], [new image X], [new image Y], [original image X], [original image Y])。
<? /* 发送一个头部,以便让浏览器知道该文件所包含的内容类型*/
header("Content-type: image/png");
/* 建立保存新图像高度和宽度的变量*/
$newWidth = 35;
$newHeight = 35;
/* 建立给定高度和宽度的新的空白图像*/
$newImg = ImageCreate($newWidth,$newHeight);
/* 从原来较大的图像中得到数据*/
$origImg = ImageCreateFromPNG("test.png");
/*拷贝调整大小后的图像,使用ImageSX()、ImageSY()得到原来的图像在X、Y方面上的大小 */
ImageCopyResized($newImg,$origImg,0,0,0,0,$newWidth,$newHeight,ImageSX($origImg),ImageSY($origImg));
/*创建希望得到的图像,释放内存 */
ImagePNG($newImg);
ImageDestroy($newImg); ?>
如果把这一小段脚本保存为resized.php,然后用浏览器对它进行访问,就会看到一个35×35大小的PNG格式的图像。

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