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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialDetailed explanation of how python uses urllib/urllib2 to access http's GET and POST

urllib模块提供的上层接口,使我们可以像读取本地文件一样读取www和ftp上的数据。下面这篇文章主要给大家介绍了关于python如何利用urllib和urllib2访问http的GET/POST的相关资料,需要的朋友可以参考借鉴,下面来一起看看吧。

前言

本文主要给大家介绍了关于python如何访问http的GET/POST的相关内容,使用urllib和urllib2,可以轻松实现对http的访问,下面话不多说了,来一起看看详细的介绍吧。

示例详解

以下给个例子,实现对http://127.0.0.1/cgi/test的GET与POST

使用的是平常意义上的query string

POST接受json

其中,

urllib2的Request方法如果只带一个参数是GET方法,但如果带两个参数,则为http的POST方法,第二个参数为POST的内容。


#!/usr/bin/env python
 
import urllib
import urllib2
import json
 
url_base = "http://127.0.0.1/cgi/test"
 
#GET
try:
 query = {'test':'yes','name':'colin'}
 query_string = urllib.urlencode(query)
 url = url_base+"?"+query_string
 print "GET", url<br data-filtered="filtered"> print "web output:"
 print urllib2.urlopen(urllib2.Request(url)).read()
except Exception as err:
 print err
 
#post
try:
 url = url_base
 print "POST", url
 a = {&#39;k1&#39;:123, &#39;k2&#39;: &#39;456&#39;, &#39;k3&#39;:&#39;test&#39;}
 json_s = json.dumps(a)<br data-filtered="filtered"> print "POST input:"
 print json_s<br data-filtered="filtered"> print "web output:"
 print urllib2.urlopen(urllib2.Request(url, json_s)).read()
except Exception as err:
 print err

test用bash编写,如下所示,其中jq是处理json的命令,需要下载一下,bash/sed/awk应该都是系统自带


#!/bin/bash
echo -e &#39;Content-type:text/plain\r&#39;
echo -e &#39;\r&#39;
 
if [ X"$REQUEST_METHOD" = X"POST" ];then
  jq . | sed -nr &#39;/:/!d; s/^([ \t]*"[^"]+"[ \t]*):/\1=/;s/,[ \t]*$//;s/"//g;p&#39;
else
  echo ${QUERY_STRING} | awk &#39;BEGIN{RS="&"}1&#39;
fi

随便用什么webserver都可以,只要支持CGI,我这里用是一个很轻量的webserver——boa,它可能不适合大型应用网站,但嵌入式里用CGI提供API还是很有用的,部署非常容易。

搭建之后,测试一下


$ ./test.py
GET http://127.0.0.1/v1/lic/test?test=yes&name=colin
web output:
test=yes
name=colin


POST http://127.0.0.1/v1/lic/test
POST input:
{"k3": "test", "k2": "456", "k1": 123}
web output:
 k3= test
 k2= 456
 k1= 123

总结

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