search

PHP算法之桶排序

Aug 16, 2017 am 10:11 AM
phpsortalgorithm


摘要:桶排序可以说得上是最简单的排序算法了,但是它的使用范围非常狭窄,不过不可否认的是在其适用范围内,它的性能要比快速排序还要快上很多倍。

桶排序可以说得上是最简单的排序算法了,但是它的使用范围非常狭窄,不过不可否认的是在其适用范围内,它的性能要比快速排序还要快上很多倍。


没错,桶排序也是一种非比较型排序算法,这也正是它能够超越快速排序的原因。

桶排序主要有以下缺陷:

  1. 参与排序的数组存放的必须是整数。

  2. 数组中的最大数和最小数保持在一个合理的间距内。

  3. 需要额外的内存空间。

下面将通过一个例子讲解桶排序的核心思想:

假如说我们需要对全国高考语文成绩进行排序,由于总分只有 150 分,而且所有的值都在 [0, 150] 之间,所以我们可以申请一个大小为 151 的辅助数组。
















1

2

3

4

5


var countArray = [];

for(var i = 0; i <= 150; i++) {

countArray[i] = 0;

}


首先我们将数组的值都置为 0。然后我们以各考生的成绩为下标递增辅助数组的值。比如说一个考生成绩为 90,那么我们就让 countArray[90]++,这样一直运算下去,直到所有的考生成绩都被遍历完,我们就可以统计出来每个分数有多少考生,然后再将辅助数组中的值复制回原数组,整个数组自然而然就有序了!


实现

大概了解了桶排序的思想,下面就来实现一下,假说某年参加高考的学生共有 500 万人,我们对其语文成绩进行排序。

下面是排序代码:
















1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21


function countSort(array, k) {

var length = array.length,

countArray = [],

i;

for (i = 0; i < k; i++) {

countArray[i] = 0;

}

for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {

countArray[array[i]]++;

}

var z = 0;

for (i = 0; i < k; i++) {

while (countArray[i]-- > 0) {

            array[z++] = i;

        }

    }

}

 


下面是测试代码:
















1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11


        var array = [];

 

        for(var i = 0; i < 5000000; i++) {

array.push(Math.floor(Math.random() * 151));

}

console.time();

countSort(array,151);

console.timeEnd();

console.log(array);


以上代码在我电脑上的运行时间在 23ms 左右,可见,桶排序排序 500万数据的速度是如此之快,而我用快速排序对同一个数组进行排序,花了 320 ms 左右。

所以,如果在合适的时机选择计数排序,将节省很多时间。


改进

看了以上代码也许你发现了,上述代码如果排序一个数值在 [10000, 10200] 范围内的数组的话,将申请大量的内存,为了节省内存,我们不得不改进这个算法,让其适应指定范围内排序。

很简单的,我们可以在方法中设置一个 low 和 max 参数,就可以灵活自如了。
















1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24


function countSort(array, low, max) {

var length = array.length,

countArray = [],

i,

k = max - low + 1;

for (i = 0; i < k; i++) {

countArray[i] = 0;

}

for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {

countArray[array[i] - low]++;

}

var z = 0;

for (i = 0; i < k; i++) {

while (countArray[i]-- > 0) {

            array[z++] = i + low;

        }

    }

 

    console.log(countArray.length);

}

 



总结

最近一直在学习排序算法,发现比较型算法虽然速度比较慢一些(比较型算法的下限是 O(NlogN)),但是适用范围很广。非比较型算法虽然使用范围很有限,但是其速度非常之快。所以在选择排序算法时,根据程序的数值类型以及范围,首先要考虑是否能够使用非比较型算法,如果不可以再选用比较型算法,比如快速排序。

The above is the detailed content of PHP算法之桶排序. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
How do you set the session cookie parameters in PHP?How do you set the session cookie parameters in PHP?Apr 22, 2025 pm 05:33 PM

Setting session cookie parameters in PHP can be achieved through the session_set_cookie_params() function. 1) Use this function to set parameters, such as expiration time, path, domain name, security flag, etc.; 2) Call session_start() to make the parameters take effect; 3) Dynamically adjust parameters according to needs, such as user login status; 4) Pay attention to setting secure and httponly flags to improve security.

What is the main purpose of using sessions in PHP?What is the main purpose of using sessions in PHP?Apr 22, 2025 pm 05:25 PM

The main purpose of using sessions in PHP is to maintain the status of the user between different pages. 1) The session is started through the session_start() function, creating a unique session ID and storing it in the user cookie. 2) Session data is saved on the server, allowing data to be passed between different requests, such as login status and shopping cart content.

How can you share sessions across subdomains?How can you share sessions across subdomains?Apr 22, 2025 pm 05:21 PM

How to share a session between subdomains? Implemented by setting session cookies for common domain names. 1. Set the domain of the session cookie to .example.com on the server side. 2. Choose the appropriate session storage method, such as memory, database or distributed cache. 3. Pass the session ID through cookies, and the server retrieves and updates the session data based on the ID.

How does using HTTPS affect session security?How does using HTTPS affect session security?Apr 22, 2025 pm 05:13 PM

HTTPS significantly improves the security of sessions by encrypting data transmission, preventing man-in-the-middle attacks and providing authentication. 1) Encrypted data transmission: HTTPS uses SSL/TLS protocol to encrypt data to ensure that the data is not stolen or tampered during transmission. 2) Prevent man-in-the-middle attacks: Through the SSL/TLS handshake process, the client verifies the server certificate to ensure the connection legitimacy. 3) Provide authentication: HTTPS ensures that the connection is a legitimate server and protects data integrity and confidentiality.

The Continued Use of PHP: Reasons for Its EnduranceThe Continued Use of PHP: Reasons for Its EnduranceApr 19, 2025 am 12:23 AM

What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python: Exploring Their Similarities and DifferencesPHP and Python: Exploring Their Similarities and DifferencesApr 19, 2025 am 12:21 AM

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages ​​that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP and Python: Different Paradigms ExplainedPHP and Python: Different Paradigms ExplainedApr 18, 2025 am 12:26 AM

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP and Python: A Deep Dive into Their HistoryPHP and Python: A Deep Dive into Their HistoryApr 18, 2025 am 12:25 AM

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Atom editor mac version download

Atom editor mac version download

The most popular open source editor

SublimeText3 English version

SublimeText3 English version

Recommended: Win version, supports code prompts!

mPDF

mPDF

mPDF is a PHP library that can generate PDF files from UTF-8 encoded HTML. The original author, Ian Back, wrote mPDF to output PDF files "on the fly" from his website and handle different languages. It is slower than original scripts like HTML2FPDF and produces larger files when using Unicode fonts, but supports CSS styles etc. and has a lot of enhancements. Supports almost all languages, including RTL (Arabic and Hebrew) and CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Supports nested block-level elements (such as P, DIV),

DVWA

DVWA

Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.