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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutoriallinux系统上支持php的 iconv()函数的方法_php技巧

1、下载libiconv函数库http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.9.2.tar.gz;
2、解压缩tar -zxvf libiconv-1.9.2.tar.gz;
3、安装libiconv

复制代码 代码如下:

#configure --prefix=/usr/local/iconv
#make
#make install

4、重新编译php 增加编译参数--with-iconv=/usr/local/iconv
windows下
最近在做一个小偷程序,需要用到iconv函数把抓取来过的utf-8编码的页面转成gb2312, 发现只有用iconv函数把抓取过来的数据一转码数据就会无缘无故的少一些。 让我郁闷了好一会儿,去网上一查资料才知道这是iconv函数的一个bug。iconv在转换字符"—"到gb2312时会出错
解决方法很简单,就是在需要转成的编码后加 "//IGNORE" 也就是iconv函数第二个参数后.如下:
以下为引用的内容:
iconv("UTF-8","GB2312//IGNORE",$data)
ignore的意思是忽略转换时的错误,如果没有ignore参数,所有该字符后面的字符串都无法被保存。

iconv不是php的默认函数,也是默认安装的模块。需要安装才能用的。
如果是windows2000+php,你可以修改php.ini文件,将extension=php_iconv.dll前的";"去掉,同时你要copy你的原php安装文件下的iconv.dll到你的winnt/system32下(如果你的dll指向的是这个目录)
在linux环境下,用静态安装的方式,在configure时加多一项 --with-iconv就可以了,phpinfo看得到iconv的项。(Linux7.3+Apache4.06+php4.3.2),

下载:ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.8.tar.gz
安装:
复制代码 代码如下:

#cp libiconv-1.8.tar.gz /usr/local/src
#tar zxvf lib*
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv
#make
#make install
编译php
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php4.3.2 --with-iconv=/usr/local/libiconv/

使用的简单例子:

echo iconv("gb2312","ISO-8859-1","我们");

PHP中的mb_convert_encoding与iconv函数介绍

mb_convert_encoding这个函数是用来转换编码的。原来一直对程序编码这一概念不理解,不过现在好像有点开窍了。
不过英文一般不会存在编码问题,只有中文数据才会有这个问题。比如你用Zend Studio或Editplus写程序时,用的是gbk编码,如果数据需要入数据库,而数据库的编码为utf8时,这时就要把数据进行编码转换,不然进到数据库就会变成乱码。

mb_convert_encoding的用法见官方:
http://cn.php.net/manual/zh/function.mb-convert-encoding.php

做一个GBK To UTF-8
复制代码 代码如下:

header("content-Type: text/html; charset=Utf-8");
echo mb_convert_encoding("妳係我的友仔", "UTF-8", "GBK");
?>

再来个GB2312 To Big5
复制代码 代码如下:

header("content-Type: text/html; charset=big5");
echo mb_convert_encoding("你是我的朋友", "big5", "GB2312");
?>

不过要使用上面的函数需要安装但是需要先enable mbstring 扩展库。

PHP中的另外一个函数iconv也是用来转换字符串编码的,与上函数功能相似。

下面还有一些详细的例子:
iconv — Convert string to requested character encoding
(PHP 4 >= 4.0.5, PHP 5)
mb_convert_encoding — Convert character encoding
(PHP 4 >= 4.0.6, PHP 5)

用法:
string mb_convert_encoding ( string str, string to_encoding [, mixed from_encoding] )
需要先enable mbstring 扩展库,在 php.ini里将; extension=php_mbstring.dll 前面的 ; 去掉
mb_convert_encoding 可以指定多种输入编码,它会根据内容自动识别,但是执行效率比iconv差太多;


string iconv ( string in_charset, string out_charset, string str )
注意:第二个参数,除了可以指定要转化到的编码以外,还可以增加两个后缀://TRANSLIT 和 //IGNORE,其中 //TRANSLIT 会自动将不能直接转化的字符变成一个或多个近似的字符,//IGNORE 会忽略掉不能转化的字符,而默认效果是从第一个非法字符截断。
Returns the converted string or FALSE on failure.


使用:

发现iconv在转换字符”—”到gb2312时会出错,如果没有ignore参数,所有该字符后面的字符串都无法被保存。不管怎么样,这个”—”都无法转换成功,无法输出。 另外mb_convert_encoding没有这个bug.

一般情况下用 iconv,只有当遇到无法确定原编码是何种编码,或者iconv转化后无法正常显示时才用mb_convert_encoding 函数.

from_encoding is specified by character code name before conversion. it can be array or string - comma separated enumerated list. If it is not specified, the internal encoding will be used.
/* Auto detect encoding from JIS, eucjp-win, sjis-win, then convert str to UCS-2LE */
$str = mb_convert_encoding($str, "UCS-2LE”, "JIS, eucjp-win, sjis-win”);
/* "auto” is expanded to "ASCII,JIS,UTF-8,EUC-JP,SJIS” */
$str = mb_convert_encoding($str, "EUC-JP”, "auto”);

例子:
复制代码 代码如下:

$content = iconv(”GBK”, "UTF-8", $content);
$content = mb_convert_encoding($content, "UTF-8", "GBK”);
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