From: http://bbs.phome.net/ShowThread/?threadid=9247&forumid=2
In PHP programming, we often encounter some functions that directly generate output, such as passthru(), readfile(), var_dump() etc. But sometimes we want to import the output of these functions into a file, or process it first and then output it, or process the output of these functions as a string.
At this time we have to use the Output Buffer function .
There are several main functions that handle output buffering:
ob_start() starts output buffering. At this time, PHP stops output. After this, the output is transferred to an internal buffer.
ob_get_contents() This function returns The contents of the internal buffer. This is equivalent to turning these outputs into strings.
ob_get_ length() Returns the length of the internal buffer.
ob_end_flush() Ends the output buffer and outputs the contents of the buffer. After this, the output is It is normal output.
ob_end_clean() Ends the output buffer and throws away the contents of the buffer.
For example, the var_dump() function outputs the structure and content of a variable, which is very useful during debugging.
But if the variable There are HTML special characters such as in the content, which will be invisible when output to the web page. What should I do?
This problem can be easily solved by using the output buffer function.
ob_start();
var_dump($var );
$out = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
The output of var_dump() is already in $out. You can output it now:
echo '
' . htmlspecialchars($out) . '' ;
Or wait until the future, or send this string to the template (Template) and then output it.
The above introduces how to use the obOutput Buffer output buffer function in PHP, including the relevant content. I hope it will be helpful to friends who are interested in PHP tutorials.

Setting session cookie parameters in PHP can be achieved through the session_set_cookie_params() function. 1) Use this function to set parameters, such as expiration time, path, domain name, security flag, etc.; 2) Call session_start() to make the parameters take effect; 3) Dynamically adjust parameters according to needs, such as user login status; 4) Pay attention to setting secure and httponly flags to improve security.

The main purpose of using sessions in PHP is to maintain the status of the user between different pages. 1) The session is started through the session_start() function, creating a unique session ID and storing it in the user cookie. 2) Session data is saved on the server, allowing data to be passed between different requests, such as login status and shopping cart content.

How to share a session between subdomains? Implemented by setting session cookies for common domain names. 1. Set the domain of the session cookie to .example.com on the server side. 2. Choose the appropriate session storage method, such as memory, database or distributed cache. 3. Pass the session ID through cookies, and the server retrieves and updates the session data based on the ID.

HTTPS significantly improves the security of sessions by encrypting data transmission, preventing man-in-the-middle attacks and providing authentication. 1) Encrypted data transmission: HTTPS uses SSL/TLS protocol to encrypt data to ensure that the data is not stolen or tampered during transmission. 2) Prevent man-in-the-middle attacks: Through the SSL/TLS handshake process, the client verifies the server certificate to ensure the connection legitimacy. 3) Provide authentication: HTTPS ensures that the connection is a legitimate server and protects data integrity and confidentiality.

What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.


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