一、常量
常量是一个简单值的标识符(名字)。如同其名称所暗示的,在脚本执行期间该值不能改变(除了所谓的魔术常量,它们其实不是常量)。常量默认为大小写敏感。按照惯例常量标识符总是大写的。
常量名和其它任何 PHP 标签遵循同样的命名规则。合法的常量名以字母或下划线开始,后面跟着任何字母,数字或下划线。用正则表达式是这样表达的:
[a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]* (注: 在这里,字母是 a-z,A-Z,以及从 127 到 255(0x7f-0xff)的 ASCII 字符)
和super globals 一样,常量的范围是全局的。不用管作用域就可以在脚本的任何地方访问常量。有关作用得更多信息请阅读手册中的变量范围。
二、语法
可以用 define() 函数来定义常量。一个常量一旦被定义,在程序执行的过程中就不能再改变或者取消定义。
常量只能包含标量数据(boolean,integer,float 和 string)。
可以简单的通过指定其名字来取得常量的值,不要在常量前面加上 $ 符号。如果常量名是动态的,也可以用函数 constant() 来读取常量的值。用get_defined_constants() 可以获得所有已定义的常量列表。
注: 常量和(全局)变量在不同的名字空间中。这意味着例如 TRUE 和 $TRUE 是不同的。
如果使用了一个未定义的常量,PHP 假定你想要的是该常量本身的名字,如同你用字符串调用它一样(CONSTANT 对应 "CONSTANT")。此时将发出一个 E_NOTICE 级的错误。参见手册中为什么 $foo[bar] 是错误的(除非你事先用 define() 将 bar 定义为一个常量)。如果你只想检查是否定义了某常量,用 defined() 函数。
三、常量和变量的不同
常量前面没有美元符号($);
常量只能用 define() 函数定义,而不能通过赋值语句;
常量可以不用理会变量范围的规则而在任何地方定义和访问;
常量一旦定义就不能被重新定义或者取消定义;
常量的值只能是标量。
常量定义示例:
<?php define("CONSTANT", "Hello world."); echo CONSTANT; // outputs "Hello world." echo Constant; // outputs "Constant" and issues a notice. ?>
四、预定义常量
PHP 向它运行的任何脚本提供了大量的预定义常量。不过很多常量都是由不同的扩展库定义的,只有在加载了这些扩展库时才会出现,或者动态加载后,或者在编译时已经包括进去了。
有四个魔术常量根据它们使用的位置而改变。例如 __LINE__ 的值就依赖于它在脚本中所处的行来决定。这些特殊的常量不区分大小写,如下:
几个 PHP 的“魔术常量”
__LINE__ 文件中的当前行号。
__FILE__ 文件的完整路径和文件名。
__FUNCTION__ 函数名称 (这是 PHP 4.3.0 新加的)。
__CLASS__ 类的名称(这是 PHP 4.3.0 新加的)。
__METHOD__ 类的方法名(这是 PHP 5.0.0 新加的)。
以上就是详细介绍了php常量的基本内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。

Reasons for PHPSession failure include configuration errors, cookie issues, and session expiration. 1. Configuration error: Check and set the correct session.save_path. 2.Cookie problem: Make sure the cookie is set correctly. 3.Session expires: Adjust session.gc_maxlifetime value to extend session time.

Methods to debug session problems in PHP include: 1. Check whether the session is started correctly; 2. Verify the delivery of the session ID; 3. Check the storage and reading of session data; 4. Check the server configuration. By outputting session ID and data, viewing session file content, etc., you can effectively diagnose and solve session-related problems.

Multiple calls to session_start() will result in warning messages and possible data overwrites. 1) PHP will issue a warning, prompting that the session has been started. 2) It may cause unexpected overwriting of session data. 3) Use session_status() to check the session status to avoid repeated calls.

Configuring the session lifecycle in PHP can be achieved by setting session.gc_maxlifetime and session.cookie_lifetime. 1) session.gc_maxlifetime controls the survival time of server-side session data, 2) session.cookie_lifetime controls the life cycle of client cookies. When set to 0, the cookie expires when the browser is closed.

The main advantages of using database storage sessions include persistence, scalability, and security. 1. Persistence: Even if the server restarts, the session data can remain unchanged. 2. Scalability: Applicable to distributed systems, ensuring that session data is synchronized between multiple servers. 3. Security: The database provides encrypted storage to protect sensitive information.

Implementing custom session processing in PHP can be done by implementing the SessionHandlerInterface interface. The specific steps include: 1) Creating a class that implements SessionHandlerInterface, such as CustomSessionHandler; 2) Rewriting methods in the interface (such as open, close, read, write, destroy, gc) to define the life cycle and storage method of session data; 3) Register a custom session processor in a PHP script and start the session. This allows data to be stored in media such as MySQL and Redis to improve performance, security and scalability.

SessionID is a mechanism used in web applications to track user session status. 1. It is a randomly generated string used to maintain user's identity information during multiple interactions between the user and the server. 2. The server generates and sends it to the client through cookies or URL parameters to help identify and associate these requests in multiple requests of the user. 3. Generation usually uses random algorithms to ensure uniqueness and unpredictability. 4. In actual development, in-memory databases such as Redis can be used to store session data to improve performance and security.

Managing sessions in stateless environments such as APIs can be achieved by using JWT or cookies. 1. JWT is suitable for statelessness and scalability, but it is large in size when it comes to big data. 2.Cookies are more traditional and easy to implement, but they need to be configured with caution to ensure security.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Dreamweaver Mac version
Visual web development tools

VSCode Windows 64-bit Download
A free and powerful IDE editor launched by Microsoft

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Safe Exam Browser
Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools
