转:http://www.excms.cn/manual/install-centos-nginx.html 安装 Nginx
安装Nginx所需的pcre库
tar zxvf pcre-8.00.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.00
./configure
make && make install clean
cd ..
tar zxvf nginx-0.8.24.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.24
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install clean
cd ..
/usr/sbin/groupadd www /usr/sbin/useradd www -g www -d /dev/null -s /sbin/nologinmkdir -p /var/log/nginxchmod +w /var/log/nginxchown -R www:www /var/log/nginx创建 Nginx 配置文件
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user www www;worker_processes 8;error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;pid /var/log/nginx/nginx.pid;worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;events { use epoll; worker_connections 51200;}http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 8m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 30; tcp_nodelay on; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml gzip_vary on; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; root /home/excms; index index.html index.htm index.php; location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } location /nginx_status { stub_status on; access_log off; } }}
创建 Nginx 开机启动脚本
vi /etc/init.d/nginx
加入以下内容
#!/bin/bash## chkconfig: - 85 15# description: Nginx is a World Wide Web server.# processname: nginxnginx=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginxconf=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.confcase $1 in start) echo -n "Starting Nginx" $nginx -c $conf echo " done" ;; stop) echo -n "Stopping Nginx" killall -9 nginx echo " done" ;; test) $nginx -t -c $conf ;; reload) echo -n "Reloading Nginx" ps auxww | grep nginx | grep master | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -HUP echo " done" ;; restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; show) ps -aux|grep nginx ;; *) echo -n "Usage: $0 {start|restart|reload|stop|test|show}" ;; esac
为 nginx.sh 脚本设置可执行属性
chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
添加 Nginx 为系统服务(开机自动启动)
chkconfig --add nginxchkconfig nginx on
启动 Nginx
service nginx start
在不停止 Nginx 服务的情况下平滑变更 Nginx 配置
修改 /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 配置文件后,请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确:
service nginx test
如果屏幕显示以下两行信息,说明配置文件正确:the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
平滑变更 Nginx 配置
service nginx reload
安装 GD 安装 zlib
tar zxvf zlib-1.2.3.tar.gzcd zlib-1.2.3./configuremake && make install cleancd ..安装 libpng
tar zxvf libpng-1.2.40.tar.gzcd libpng-1.2.40./configuremake && make install cleancd ..安装 jpeg
tar zxvf jpegsrc.v7.tar.gzcd jpeg-7./configure -enable-shared -enable-staticmake && make install cleancd ..安装 freetype
tar zxvf freetype-2.3.11.tar.gzcd freetype-2.3.11./configuremake && make install cleancd ..安装 gd2.0.35
tar zxvf gd-2.0.35.tar.gzcd gd-2.0.35./configuremake && make install cleancd ..安装 libxml2
tar -zxvf libxml2-2.7.6.tar.gzcd libxml2-2.7.6./configuremake && make install cleancd ..安装 PHP
编译安装PHP 5.2.11所需的支持库 libiconv
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install clean
cd ..
tar zxvf php-5.2.11.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.11-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.11 -p1
cd php-5.2.11
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-iconv-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-libxml-dir --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-openssl --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install clean
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ..

Reasons for PHPSession failure include configuration errors, cookie issues, and session expiration. 1. Configuration error: Check and set the correct session.save_path. 2.Cookie problem: Make sure the cookie is set correctly. 3.Session expires: Adjust session.gc_maxlifetime value to extend session time.

Methods to debug session problems in PHP include: 1. Check whether the session is started correctly; 2. Verify the delivery of the session ID; 3. Check the storage and reading of session data; 4. Check the server configuration. By outputting session ID and data, viewing session file content, etc., you can effectively diagnose and solve session-related problems.

Multiple calls to session_start() will result in warning messages and possible data overwrites. 1) PHP will issue a warning, prompting that the session has been started. 2) It may cause unexpected overwriting of session data. 3) Use session_status() to check the session status to avoid repeated calls.

Configuring the session lifecycle in PHP can be achieved by setting session.gc_maxlifetime and session.cookie_lifetime. 1) session.gc_maxlifetime controls the survival time of server-side session data, 2) session.cookie_lifetime controls the life cycle of client cookies. When set to 0, the cookie expires when the browser is closed.

The main advantages of using database storage sessions include persistence, scalability, and security. 1. Persistence: Even if the server restarts, the session data can remain unchanged. 2. Scalability: Applicable to distributed systems, ensuring that session data is synchronized between multiple servers. 3. Security: The database provides encrypted storage to protect sensitive information.

Implementing custom session processing in PHP can be done by implementing the SessionHandlerInterface interface. The specific steps include: 1) Creating a class that implements SessionHandlerInterface, such as CustomSessionHandler; 2) Rewriting methods in the interface (such as open, close, read, write, destroy, gc) to define the life cycle and storage method of session data; 3) Register a custom session processor in a PHP script and start the session. This allows data to be stored in media such as MySQL and Redis to improve performance, security and scalability.

SessionID is a mechanism used in web applications to track user session status. 1. It is a randomly generated string used to maintain user's identity information during multiple interactions between the user and the server. 2. The server generates and sends it to the client through cookies or URL parameters to help identify and associate these requests in multiple requests of the user. 3. Generation usually uses random algorithms to ensure uniqueness and unpredictability. 4. In actual development, in-memory databases such as Redis can be used to store session data to improve performance and security.

Managing sessions in stateless environments such as APIs can be achieved by using JWT or cookies. 1. JWT is suitable for statelessness and scalability, but it is large in size when it comes to big data. 2.Cookies are more traditional and easy to implement, but they need to be configured with caution to ensure security.


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