序列化是将变量转换为可保存或传输的字符串的过程;反序列化就是在适当的时候把这个字符串再转化成原来的变量使用。
这两个过程结合起来,可以轻松地存储和传输数据,使程序更具维护性。
1. serialize和unserialize函数,这两个是序列化和反序列化PHP中数据的常用函数。
$a=array('a'=>'Apple','b'=>'banana','c'=>'Coconut');
//序列化数组$s=serialize($a);
echo $s;
//输出结果:a:3:{s:1:"a";s:5:"Apple";s:1:"b";s:6:"banana";s:1:"c";s:7:"Coconut";}
//反序列化
$o=unserialize($s);
print_r($o);
//输出结果:
array('a'=>'Apple','b'=>'banana','c'=>'Coconut')
但是当数组值包含如双引号、单引号或冒号等字符时,它们被反序列化后,可能会出现问题。
为了克服这个问题,一个巧妙的技巧是使用base64_encode和base64_decode函数。
$obj=array();
//序列化$s=base64_encode(serialize($obj));
//反序列化
$original=unserialize(base64_decode($s)); 这样也并不是一个非常完美的解决办法,因为base64编码将增加字符串的长度。为了克服这个问题,可以和gzcompress一起使用,如下。
//定义一个用来序列化对象的函数
function my_serialize($obj){return base64_encode(gzcompress(serialize($obj)));
}
//反序列化
function my_unserialize($txt){
return unserialize(gzuncompress(base64_decode($txt)));
}
2. 使用JSON格式序列化和反序列化是一个不错的选择,即 json_encode 和 json_decode使用json_encode和json_decode格式输出要serialize和unserialize格式快的多。
JSON格式是可读的,它比serialize返回数据结果小。而且JSON格式是开放的、可移植的。其他语言也可以使用它,具体使用案例如下:
$a=array('a'=>'Apple','b'=>'banana','c'=>'Coconut');
//序列化数组$s=json_encode($a);
echo $s;
//输出结果:{"a":"Apple","b":"banana","c":"Coconut"}
//反序列化
$o=json_decode($s); 在上面的例子中,json_encode 输出长度比上个例子中 serialize 输出长度显然要短。
3. var_export 和 eval 方法,var_export 函数把变量作为一个字符串输出;eval把字符串当成PHP代码来执行,反序列化得到最初变量的内容。
$a=array('a'=>'Apple','b'=>'banana','c'=>'Coconut');
//序列化数组$s=var_export($a,true);
echo $s;
//输出结果:array('a'=>'Apple','b'=>'banana','c'=>'Coconut')
//反序列化
eval('$my_var='.$s.';');
print_r($my_var);
4. wddx_serialize_value 和 wddx deserialize 方法,wddx_serialize_value 函数可以序列化数组变量,并以XML字符串形式输出。
$a=array('a'=>'Apple','b'=>'banana','c'=>'Coconut');
//序列化数组$s=wddx_serialize_value($a);
echo $s;
//输出结果(查看输出字符串的源码):ApplebananaCoconut
//反序列化
$o=wddx_deserialize($s);
print_r($o);
//输出结果:Array([a]=>Apple[b]=>banana 1=>Coconut)
可以看出,XML标签字符较多,导致这种格式的序列化还是占了很多空间。
结论:上述所有的函数在序列化数组变量时都能正常执行,但运用到对象就不同了。
例如json_encode序列化对象就会失败。反序列化对象时,unserialize和eval将有不同的效果。

Setting session cookie parameters in PHP can be achieved through the session_set_cookie_params() function. 1) Use this function to set parameters, such as expiration time, path, domain name, security flag, etc.; 2) Call session_start() to make the parameters take effect; 3) Dynamically adjust parameters according to needs, such as user login status; 4) Pay attention to setting secure and httponly flags to improve security.

The main purpose of using sessions in PHP is to maintain the status of the user between different pages. 1) The session is started through the session_start() function, creating a unique session ID and storing it in the user cookie. 2) Session data is saved on the server, allowing data to be passed between different requests, such as login status and shopping cart content.

How to share a session between subdomains? Implemented by setting session cookies for common domain names. 1. Set the domain of the session cookie to .example.com on the server side. 2. Choose the appropriate session storage method, such as memory, database or distributed cache. 3. Pass the session ID through cookies, and the server retrieves and updates the session data based on the ID.

HTTPS significantly improves the security of sessions by encrypting data transmission, preventing man-in-the-middle attacks and providing authentication. 1) Encrypted data transmission: HTTPS uses SSL/TLS protocol to encrypt data to ensure that the data is not stolen or tampered during transmission. 2) Prevent man-in-the-middle attacks: Through the SSL/TLS handshake process, the client verifies the server certificate to ensure the connection legitimacy. 3) Provide authentication: HTTPS ensures that the connection is a legitimate server and protects data integrity and confidentiality.

What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.


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