search
HomeBackend DevelopmentPython Tutorialpython 中的列表解析和生成表达式

列表解析

在需要改变列表而不是需要新建某列表时,可以使用列表解析。列表解析表达式为:

[expr for iter_var in iterable] [expr for iter_var in iterable if cond_expr]
第一种语法:首先迭代iterable里所有内容,每一次迭代,都把iterable里相应内容放到iter_var中,再在表达式中应用该iter_var的内容,最后用表达式的计算值生成一个列表。
第二种语法:加入了判断语句,只有满足条件的内容才把iterable里相应内容放到iter_var中,再在表达式中应用该iter_var的内容,最后用表达式的计算值生成一个列表。

举例如下:
复制代码 代码如下:

>>> L= [(x+1,y+1) for x in range(3) for y in range(5)]
>>> L
[(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5)]
>>> N=[x+10 for x in range(10) if x>5]
>>> N
[16, 17, 18, 19]

生成器表达式

生成器表达式是在python2.4中引入的,当序列过长, 而每次只需要获取一个元素时,应当考虑使用生成器表达式而不是列表解析。生成器表达式的语法和列表解析一样,只不过生成器表达式是被()括起来的,而不是[],如下:
复制代码 代码如下:

(expr for iter_var in iterable)
(expr for iter_var in iterable if cond_expr)

例:
复制代码 代码如下:

>>> L= (i + 1 for i in range(10) if i % 2)
>>> L
at 0xb749a52c>
>>> L1=[]
>>> for i in L:
... L1.append(i)
...
>>> L1
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

生成器表达式并不真正创建数字列表, 而是返回一个生成器,这个生成器在每次计算出一个条目后,把这个条目“产生”(yield)出来。 生成器表达式使用了“惰性计算”(lazy evaluation,也有翻译为“延迟求值”,我以为这种按需调用call by need的方式翻译为惰性更好一些),只有在检索时才被赋值( evaluated),所以在列表比较长的情况下使用内存上更有效。A generator object in python is something like a lazy list. The elements are only evaluated as soon as you iterate over them.

一些说明:

1. 当需要只是执行一个循环的时候尽量使用循环而不是列表解析,这样更符合python提倡的直观性。
复制代码 代码如下:

for item in sequence:
process(item)

2. 当有内建的操作或者类型能够以更直接的方式实现的,不要使用列表解析。

例如复制一个列表时,使用:L1=list(L)即可,不必使用:
复制代码 代码如下:

L1=[x for x in L]

3. 如果需要对每个元素都调用并且返回结果时,应使用L1=map(f,L), 而不是 L1=[f(x) for x in L]
Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Python: A Deep Dive into Compilation and InterpretationPython: A Deep Dive into Compilation and InterpretationMay 12, 2025 am 12:14 AM

Pythonusesahybridmodelofcompilationandinterpretation:1)ThePythoninterpretercompilessourcecodeintoplatform-independentbytecode.2)ThePythonVirtualMachine(PVM)thenexecutesthisbytecode,balancingeaseofusewithperformance.

Is Python an interpreted or a compiled language, and why does it matter?Is Python an interpreted or a compiled language, and why does it matter?May 12, 2025 am 12:09 AM

Pythonisbothinterpretedandcompiled.1)It'scompiledtobytecodeforportabilityacrossplatforms.2)Thebytecodeistheninterpreted,allowingfordynamictypingandrapiddevelopment,thoughitmaybeslowerthanfullycompiledlanguages.

For Loop vs While Loop in Python: Key Differences ExplainedFor Loop vs While Loop in Python: Key Differences ExplainedMay 12, 2025 am 12:08 AM

Forloopsareidealwhenyouknowthenumberofiterationsinadvance,whilewhileloopsarebetterforsituationswhereyouneedtoloopuntilaconditionismet.Forloopsaremoreefficientandreadable,suitableforiteratingoversequences,whereaswhileloopsoffermorecontrolandareusefulf

For and While loops: a practical guideFor and While loops: a practical guideMay 12, 2025 am 12:07 AM

Forloopsareusedwhenthenumberofiterationsisknowninadvance,whilewhileloopsareusedwhentheiterationsdependonacondition.1)Forloopsareidealforiteratingoversequenceslikelistsorarrays.2)Whileloopsaresuitableforscenarioswheretheloopcontinuesuntilaspecificcond

Python: Is it Truly Interpreted? Debunking the MythsPython: Is it Truly Interpreted? Debunking the MythsMay 12, 2025 am 12:05 AM

Pythonisnotpurelyinterpreted;itusesahybridapproachofbytecodecompilationandruntimeinterpretation.1)Pythoncompilessourcecodeintobytecode,whichisthenexecutedbythePythonVirtualMachine(PVM).2)Thisprocessallowsforrapiddevelopmentbutcanimpactperformance,req

Python concatenate lists with same elementPython concatenate lists with same elementMay 11, 2025 am 12:08 AM

ToconcatenatelistsinPythonwiththesameelements,use:1)the operatortokeepduplicates,2)asettoremoveduplicates,or3)listcomprehensionforcontroloverduplicates,eachmethodhasdifferentperformanceandorderimplications.

Interpreted vs Compiled Languages: Python's PlaceInterpreted vs Compiled Languages: Python's PlaceMay 11, 2025 am 12:07 AM

Pythonisaninterpretedlanguage,offeringeaseofuseandflexibilitybutfacingperformancelimitationsincriticalapplications.1)InterpretedlanguageslikePythonexecuteline-by-line,allowingimmediatefeedbackandrapidprototyping.2)CompiledlanguageslikeC/C transformt

For and While loops: when do you use each in python?For and While loops: when do you use each in python?May 11, 2025 am 12:05 AM

Useforloopswhenthenumberofiterationsisknowninadvance,andwhileloopswheniterationsdependonacondition.1)Forloopsareidealforsequenceslikelistsorranges.2)Whileloopssuitscenarioswheretheloopcontinuesuntilaspecificconditionismet,usefulforuserinputsoralgorit

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

SublimeText3 English version

SublimeText3 English version

Recommended: Win version, supports code prompts!

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

SecLists

SecLists

SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

PhpStorm Mac version

PhpStorm Mac version

The latest (2018.2.1) professional PHP integrated development tool