python网络编程之TCP通信实例和socketserver框架使用例子
1.TCP是一种面向连接的可靠地协议,在一方发送数据之前,必须在双方之间建立一个连接,建立的过程需要经过三次握手,通信完成后要拆除连接,需要经过四次握手,这是由TCP的半关闭造成的,一方在完成数据发送后要发送一个FIN来终止这个方向的连接,一个TCP连接在收到一个FIN后仍能发送数据,但应用程序很少这么做,下面是TCP连接建立和拆除的过程:
2.python可以实现TCP服务器和客户端的编程,下面是代码:
服务器端:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import socket
host="localhost"
port=10000
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind((host,port))
s.listen(5)
while 1:
sock,addr=s.accept()
print "got connection form ",sock.getpeername()
data=sock.recv(1024)
if not data:
break
else:
print data
客户端:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import socket
host="localhost"
port=10000
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect((host,port))
s.send("hello from client")
s.close()
3.使用socketserver框架编写TCP服务器
Socketserver模块可以简化网络服务器的编写,它包含了四种服务器类,TCPServer使用TCP协议,UDPServer使用UDP协议,还有两个不常使用的,即UnixStreamServer和UnixDatagramServer,这两个类仅仅在unix环境下有用。
使用服务器编程,需要进行一下步骤,先建立一个请求句柄类,这个类继承自BaseRequestHandler类,建立这个类后重写它的handle方法,然后实例化服务器类,把主机名,端口号和句柄类传给它,然后调用server_forever()方法来处理请求。
使用socketserver框架的服务器:
import SocketServer
host=''
port=10000
class Handler(SocketServer.StreamRequestHandler):
def handler(self):
addr=self.request.getpeername()
print "got connection from",addr
self.wfile.write("connected")
server=SocketServer.TCPServer((host,port),Handler)
server.serve_forever()
上面的socketserver服务器只能处理一个请求,如果要处理多个请求,可以用forking或者threading实现,实现多进程或者多线程服务器。下面是使用forking和threading的服务器代码:
使用forking的服务器:
from SocketServer import TCPServer,ForkingMixIn,StreamRequestHandler
class Server(ForkingMixIn,TCPServer):pass
class Handler(StreamRequestHandler):
def handle(self):
addr=self.request.getpeername()
print "got connection from",addr
self.wfile.write('connected')
server=Server((''.10000),Handler)
server.serve_forever()
使用多线程的服务器:
from SocketServer import TCPServer,ThreadingMixIn,StreamRequestHandler
class Server(ThreadingMixIn,TCPServer):pass
class Handler(StreamRequestHandler):
def handle(self):
addr=self.request.getpeername()
print "got connection from",addr
self.wfile.write("connected")
server=Server(('',10000),Handler)
server.serve_forever()

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