(转)通过URL Rewrite实现链接静态化(PHP)
我们知道搜索引擎对于静态页面是非常友好的,因此很多网站通过生成静态页面等手段方便爬虫抓取自己网站的内容。但是有时候一些应用并不适合全部静态化,比如数据变化非常大的论坛/贴吧系统,这时候我们可以通过URL重写来实现链接的伪静态化,即网站对外使用静态化的链接,而内部实际上仍然使用动态页面的URL形式。比如像这样一个链接:http://www.ci123.com/abc.php?action=a&id=1,我们可以改写成http://www.ci123.com/abc/a/1.html的形式。这是搜索引擎优化最重要的内容之一,它还有一个额外的好处,可以使页面有一个永久链接,即便以后网站系统内部链接有变化,通过适当改变Rewrite规则就可以保证原先的外部URL一直有效。
下面介绍2种简单的Apache+PHP下实现URL重写的方法,第一种适合有服务器配置权限的用户,第二种适合租用空间的用户,也作为我近期的学习心得的整理。
1、对于有服务器配置权限的用户,推荐使用Apache的mod_rewrite模块,这里假设已经安装好mod_rewrite模块。打开Apache的配置文件,找到相应主机的部分,添加以下代码:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^/abc/([a-z]+)/([0-9]+).html$/abc.php?action=$1&id=$2 [L]然后在shell里执行service httpdreload,让Apache重新载入配置就好了。现在在PHP页面里面我们可以把链接写成abc/a/1.html的形式,Apache在解析这个URL的时候会rewrite成abc.php?action=a&id=1的形式,并返回正确的页面。运用正则表达式我们可以实现几乎任何我们想要的链接形式,mod_rewrite模块的功能异常强大,这里只是一个及其简单的应用。
2、对于租用空间的用户,一般都没有办法修改Apache的配置,这里有个变通的方法,原理是这样的:当要传递参数访问PHP页面时,正常情况下是通过自动全局变量$_GET来获得,比如上面的链接,在页面里可以通过$_GET['action'] 和$_GET['id']来获得,重写URL后就不行了。现在在每个页面里require一个url_rewrite.php文件,里面代码如下:
$filename = basename($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']);
if (strtolower($filename) == "abc.php") {
if (!empty($_GET[id])) {
$id = intval($_GET[id]);
$action = intval($_GET[action]);
}
else {
$nav = $_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"];
$script = $_SERVER["SCRIPT_NAME"];
$nav = ereg_replace("^$script", "", urldecode($nav));
$vars = explode("/", $nav);
$action = intval($vars[1]);
$id = intval($vars[2]);
}
}
这样$action和$id也得到了,页面里链接可以写成abc.php/a/1的形式来访问相应页面。
需要注意的是这种方法效率较第一种低,第一种方法是在WEB服务器URL解析过程中实现的,而这里是在PHP页面解析过程里实现的,第2种方法只是变通,不得已而为之,要修改链接形式很不方便也不灵活。
欢迎大家一起交流讨论!

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Implementing custom session processing in PHP can be done by implementing the SessionHandlerInterface interface. The specific steps include: 1) Creating a class that implements SessionHandlerInterface, such as CustomSessionHandler; 2) Rewriting methods in the interface (such as open, close, read, write, destroy, gc) to define the life cycle and storage method of session data; 3) Register a custom session processor in a PHP script and start the session. This allows data to be stored in media such as MySQL and Redis to improve performance, security and scalability.

SessionID is a mechanism used in web applications to track user session status. 1. It is a randomly generated string used to maintain user's identity information during multiple interactions between the user and the server. 2. The server generates and sends it to the client through cookies or URL parameters to help identify and associate these requests in multiple requests of the user. 3. Generation usually uses random algorithms to ensure uniqueness and unpredictability. 4. In actual development, in-memory databases such as Redis can be used to store session data to improve performance and security.

Managing sessions in stateless environments such as APIs can be achieved by using JWT or cookies. 1. JWT is suitable for statelessness and scalability, but it is large in size when it comes to big data. 2.Cookies are more traditional and easy to implement, but they need to be configured with caution to ensure security.


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