关于腾讯的那道题截取字符串的题 b2c3d4 b2c3d4
记得是前阵子去腾讯面试时的那道题，当时用笔我没写出来，就大概说了下思路，今天有空，就写了一下，发现要做到完美还是很麻烦的。
题目是:
假设有"123abc456def789"这么一个字符串,写一个函数，可以传入一个字符串，和一个要截取的长度。返回截取后的结果。
要求:
1 和标记不得计算在长度之内。
2 截取后的字符串，要保留原有标签，不过如果最后有一个标签没有闭合，则去掉其开始标签。
示例:
题中的字符串，要截取长度5，则返回的字符串应该为:123ab,要截取长度8，应返回123abc45。
我的做法大概思路是:
1 首先顺序读取字符串，并用一个resultstr变量来记录所有字符，当发现
2 如果发现tag变量形式为也就是html标签的开始标记)，就将其入栈。用栈结构来存储这个标记。若遇到(html标签的结束标记)，就出栈。
3 否则如果是常规字符的话，长度计数器++。直到与传入的要截取长度相等。
4 最后判断栈是否为空，如果为空，直接返回截取后的字符串，否则，将栈中剩余元素一个个出栈，循环从截取后的字符串中查找栈顶标签元素最后一次出现的位置，返回索引，将这个标签替换为空。直到整个栈为空为止。最后返回处理后的字符串。
原题其实是没有考虑标签嵌套的情况的，我尽量的让程序可以处理嵌套标签，使其更健壮。并且尽量少的去用php的内置函数，因为那样可能会掩盖算法本身。如可以处理a1
这种形式的嵌套标签。但我发现如果标签是这种不规则形式a1
不知大家还有没有其他思路，我感觉我这么做实在是太麻烦了，罗罗嗦嗦一大堆。这么多代码面试时拿笔写非得疯了不可。而且这个时间复杂度不理想，大概为O(n*(n2))。空间方面也占了很多多余的空间。我相信一定有很简单的办法。希望大家一起想想有什么更简单的方法没？
<br />
<?php<br />
function mySubstr( $str, $length ){<br />
<br />
$tagcnt = 0;<br />
$charcnt = 0;<br />
$tag = '';<br />
$maxlen = strlen( $str );<br />
$resultstr = '';<br />
$tagstack = array();<br />
<br />
for( $i = 0; $i < $length; $i++ ){<br />
if( $str[$i] == '<' ){<br />
<br />
$resultstr .= $str[$i];<br />
<br />
for( $j=$i; $str[$j]!='>'; $j++,$length++ ){<br />
$tag .= $str[$j];<br />
}<br />
$tagcnt++;<br />
$length++;<br />
$tag .= '>';<br />
<br />
//如果是开始标记，则入栈，如果是与之相对应的结束标记则出栈<br />
if( preg_match('/<([^\/]+)?>/i', $tag, $r) ){<br />
echo '入栈:',htmlspecialchars($r[1]),'<br />';<br />
array_push($tagstack, $r[1]);<br />
}<br />
elseif( preg_match( '/'.$tagstack[count($tagstack)-1].'/', $tag ) ){<br />
echo '出栈:',htmlspecialchars($tagstack[count($tagstack)-1]),'<br />';<br />
array_pop( $tagstack );<br />
}<br />
<br />
$tag = '';<br />
continue;<br />
}<br />
<br />
$charcnt++;<br />
$resultstr .= $str[$i];<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
echo '<hr size=1>最后结果为:';<br />
<br />
//栈是空的直接返回<br />
if(empty($tagstack)){<br />
return $resultstr;<br />
}<br />
//否则去掉没有结束标记的开始标记<br />
else{<br />
<br />
while(!empty($tagstack)){<br />
<br />
$tag = array_pop($tagstack);<br />
<br />
$index = strrpos($resultstr, $tag);<br />
<br />
for($i = $index-1; $resultstr[$i] != '>'; $i++ ){<br />
$resultstr[$i] = '';<br />
}<br />
<br />
$resultstr[$i++] = '';<br />
<br />
}<br />
<br />
return $resultstr;<br />
}<br />
<br />
}<br />
<br />
$sttime = microtime(true);<br />
<br />
$stmem = memory_get_usage();<br />
<br />
$str = "a1<body>b2<p>c3<em>d4</em>e5</p>f6</body>g7h8";<br />
<br />
echo '处理结果为:<br/><hr size=1>',htmlspecialchars( mySubstr( $str, 18 ) ),'<br />';<br />
<br />
echo "内存使用情况:",(memory_get_usage()-$stmem),'<br />';<br />
<br />
echo "算法运行时间(microtime):",(microtime(true)-$sttime),'<br/>';<br />
------解决方案--------------------
呵呵，这题有印象
来添砖加瓦
<div class="clear">
</div>
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