How Do I Rename Columns in a Pandas DataFrame?

Renaming Column Names in Pandas

When working with Pandas DataFrames, it's often necessary to modify the column labels to make the data easier to understand or align with specific requirements. Here are different approaches to renaming columns in Pandas:

Specific Column Renaming

To rename specific columns in a DataFrame, use the df.rename() function. You can specify the old and new column names as key-value pairs:

df = df.rename(columns={'oldName1': 'newName1', 'oldName2': 'newName2'})

Reassigning Column Headers

If you want to reassign all the column headers in a DataFrame, use df.set_axis() with axis=1. Provide a list of the new column names as an argument:

df2 = df.set_axis(['V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z'], axis=1)

Direct Assignment

You can also assign the column headers directly using the following syntax:

df.columns = ['V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z']

Example

Consider the following DataFrame:

df = pd.DataFrame('x', index=range(3), columns=list('abcde'))
print(df)

Output:

   a  b  c  d  e
0  x  x  x  x  x
1  x  x  x  x  x
2  x  x  x  x  x

Renaming Specific Columns

To rename columns 'a' and 'b' to 'X' and 'Y':

df2 = df.rename(columns={'a': 'X', 'b': 'Y'})
print(df2)

Output:

   X  Y  c  d  e
0  x  x  x  x  x
1  x  x  x  x  x
2  x  x  x  x  x

Reassigning Column Headers

To reassign all headers:

df2 = df.set_axis(['V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z'], axis=1)
print(df2)

Output:

   V  W  X  Y  Z
0  x  x  x  x  x
1  x  x  x  x  x
2  x  x  x  x  x

Direct Assignment

To assign headers directly:

df.columns = ['V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z']
print(df)

Output:

   V  W  X  Y  Z
0  x  x  x  x  x
1  x  x  x  x  x
2  x  x  x  x  x

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