How to create own Python project in inutes

Why Python package?

Python supports all types of execution; you can run Python code directly into a shell, or put your code into file and run later.

Sometimes to start a new Python project is very hard; Write a script? Write a module? Write a package?

The best choice is micropiecies pattern: write a script, so rewrite that in a module and so rewrite in a package.

This pattern permits you to don't re-inventing the wheel every day and you reuse the code in the future.

Python package structure

Python package has this structure:

pkg
├── __init__.py
├── module1.py
└── subpkg
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── __main__.py
    └── module2.py

The folder pkg is a package, because contains __init__.py module. Also the folder subpkg is a package; is a subpackage of pkg.
module1.py and module2.py are a modules of their packages.
The __main__.py module permits the execution of package.

Only here? Other things?

If you will become a Python developer, then you use other usually tools.

In order, you follow this steps every piece of code you write:

1. Write Python code into your package
2. Track your modifications
3. Test all code that you write
4. Put your code into environment that you test it
5. Push your code in remote repository
6. Build your package for distribution
7. Upload your package into PyPi

Pipelines

Every change in your code, may introduces possible bugs. To discard this, every time we need test own package in the correct environment.

To do this, some tools are needed over Python itself, like git, docker and make.

Documentation, license and other common files

It is not enough to simply create a Python package and make it immediately available to everyone. You also have to think about how to document it, explain it briefly to other people, license it and explain how to integrate into the project.

This requires developing files like README, LICENSE, CODE_OF_CONDUCT and CONTRIBUTING.
Maybe adding a CHANGELOG to keep and have others keep track of the changes made to each version.

Create project in a few minutes

To realize all parts of a Python project, serves some hours or days.
But exists a tool for this purpose: psp.

After we follow the installation instructions:

[test@ubuntu ~] sudo apt install -y python3 python3-pip git curl
[test@ubuntu ~] curl -L https://github.com/MatteoGuadrini/psp/releases/download/v0.1.0/psp.deb -o psp.deb
[test@ubuntu ~] sudo dpkg -i psp.deb

run it:

[test@ubuntu ~] psp
Welcome to PSP (Python Scaffolding Projects): 0.1.0
> Name of Python project: app
> Do you want to create a virtual environment? Yes
> Do you want to start git repository? Yes
> Select git remote provider: Gitlab
> Username of Gitlab: test_user
> Do you want unit test files? Yes
> Install dependencies: flask
> Select documention generator: MKDocs
> Do you want to configure tox? Yes
> Select remote CI provider: CircleCI
> Do you want create common files? Yes
> Select license: Gnu Public License
> Do you want to install dependencies to publish on pypi? Yes
> Do you want to create a Dockerfile and Containerfile? Yes
Python project `app` created at app

Now, check the Python project that has been created:

[test@ubuntu ~] ls -lah app
total 88K
drwxrwxr-x  9 test   test    440 Dec 20 14:48 .
drwxrwxrwt 29 root   root    680 Dec 20 14:49 ..
drwxrwxr-x  2 test   test     60 Dec 20 14:47 .circleci
drwxrwxr-x  7 test   test    200 Dec 20 14:47 .git
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test    381 Dec 20 14:47 .gitignore
drwxrwxr-x  4 test   test     80 Dec 20 14:47 .gitlab
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test    127 Dec 20 14:48 CHANGES.md
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test   5.4K Dec 20 14:48 CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test   1.1K Dec 20 14:48 CONTRIBUTING.md
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test    190 Dec 20 14:48 Containerfile
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test    190 Dec 20 14:48 Dockerfile
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test    35K Dec 20 14:48 LICENSE.md
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test    697 Dec 20 14:48 Makefile
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test    177 Dec 20 14:48 README.md
drwxrwxr-x  2 test   test     60 Dec 20 14:47 docs
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test     19 Dec 20 14:47 mkdocs.yml
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test    819 Dec 20 14:48 pyproject.toml
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test     66 Dec 20 14:47 requirements.txt
drwxrwxr-x  2 test   test     80 Dec 20 14:47 tests
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test    213 Dec 20 14:47 tox.ini
drwxrwxr-x  2 test   test     80 Dec 20 14:46 app
drwxrwxr-x  5 test   test    140 Dec 20 14:46 venv

Start develop the package

Start develop the package that psp command has created for our project.

[test@ubuntu ~] cd app/ && ls -lh app/
total 8.0K
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 162 Dec 20 14:46 __init__.py
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 204 Dec 20 14:46 __main__.py
[test@ubuntu ~] vim app/core.py

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello_world():
    return "<p>Wow, this is my app!</p>"

Now, import our hello_world function into __main__.py file:

pkg
├── __init__.py
├── module1.py
└── subpkg
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── __main__.py
    └── module2.py

[test@ubuntu ~] sudo apt install -y python3 python3-pip git curl
[test@ubuntu ~] curl -L https://github.com/MatteoGuadrini/psp/releases/download/v0.1.0/psp.deb -o psp.deb
[test@ubuntu ~] sudo dpkg -i psp.deb

Run our package

You have write a simple, but organized and powerful package that is ready to production and distribution.

Test our package.

[test@ubuntu ~] psp
Welcome to PSP (Python Scaffolding Projects): 0.1.0
> Name of Python project: app
> Do you want to create a virtual environment? Yes
> Do you want to start git repository? Yes
> Select git remote provider: Gitlab
> Username of Gitlab: test_user
> Do you want unit test files? Yes
> Install dependencies: flask
> Select documention generator: MKDocs
> Do you want to configure tox? Yes
> Select remote CI provider: CircleCI
> Do you want create common files? Yes
> Select license: Gnu Public License
> Do you want to install dependencies to publish on pypi? Yes
> Do you want to create a Dockerfile and Containerfile? Yes
Python project `app` created at app

And result is:

Execute unit tests on package

Now tests also the Python code on the package, throught tests folder:

[test@ubuntu ~] ls -lah app
total 88K
drwxrwxr-x  9 test   test    440 Dec 20 14:48 .
drwxrwxrwt 29 root   root    680 Dec 20 14:49 ..
drwxrwxr-x  2 test   test     60 Dec 20 14:47 .circleci
drwxrwxr-x  7 test   test    200 Dec 20 14:47 .git
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test    381 Dec 20 14:47 .gitignore
drwxrwxr-x  4 test   test     80 Dec 20 14:47 .gitlab
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test    127 Dec 20 14:48 CHANGES.md
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test   5.4K Dec 20 14:48 CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test   1.1K Dec 20 14:48 CONTRIBUTING.md
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test    190 Dec 20 14:48 Containerfile
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test    190 Dec 20 14:48 Dockerfile
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test    35K Dec 20 14:48 LICENSE.md
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test    697 Dec 20 14:48 Makefile
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test    177 Dec 20 14:48 README.md
drwxrwxr-x  2 test   test     60 Dec 20 14:47 docs
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test     19 Dec 20 14:47 mkdocs.yml
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test    819 Dec 20 14:48 pyproject.toml
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test     66 Dec 20 14:47 requirements.txt
drwxrwxr-x  2 test   test     80 Dec 20 14:47 tests
-rw-rw-r--  1 test   test    213 Dec 20 14:47 tox.ini
drwxrwxr-x  2 test   test     80 Dec 20 14:46 app
drwxrwxr-x  5 test   test    140 Dec 20 14:46 venv

Save our works

Now you can save the development of your web app.

[test@ubuntu ~] cd app/ && ls -lh app/
total 8.0K
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 162 Dec 20 14:46 __init__.py
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 204 Dec 20 14:46 __main__.py
[test@ubuntu ~] vim app/core.py

Test environment

Simulate with docker your production environment:

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello_world():
    return "<p>Wow, this is my app!</p>"

And the result is the same:

Build the pipeline with make

Now, after the next development, you can use the pipeline with Makefile:

[test@ubuntu app] vim app/__main__.py

Publish the package on PyPi

Now, if you want, you are ready to publish youp Python package on PyPi:

#! /usr/bin/env python3
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
# vim: se ts=4 et syn=python:
# Generated by psp (https://github.com/MatteoGuadrini/psp)

from .__init__ import __version__
print(f'app {__version__}')

from .core import app
app.run(debug=True)

Conslusion

In less than five minutes, you have created a Python project where the development of the package itself is the only thing you have to worry about.

Tools used on this article:
psp: repository -- docs
git: repository -- docs
docker: repository -- docs
make: repository -- docs
python: repository -- docs

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