Which CSS Properties Create a Stacking Context?
Stacking contexts are essential for controlling the order in which elements overlap and appear on a web page. Various CSS properties can trigger the creation of a new stacking context, effectively isolating the element and its descendants from the layout flow.
Properties that Create a Stacking Context:
The following properties, in addition to the widely known z-index, establish a stacking context:
- transform: Any transform value other than none
- opacity: Any value less than 1
- perspective: Any value other than none
Other Properties That Influence Stacking Contexts:
In addition to these core properties, the following scenarios also trigger the creation of a stacking context:
- z-index: Setting z-index to a non-auto value on a positioned element (except for fixed elements in some browsers)
- flow-from: Setting flow-from to a non-none value on an element with content other than normal
- Page-margin boxes in paged media
- filter: Setting filter to a non-none value
- isolation and mix-blend-mode: Setting both properties in compositing and blending
- will-change: Setting will-change to a property that would create a stacking context
- clip-path and mask: Setting either property to a non-none value in masking
Note: A stacking context is distinct from a block formatting context, which governs the layout of block elements within an element.
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