How to Execute Raw SQL in Flask-SQLAlchemy and Avoid Gateway Errors?

Executing Raw SQL in Flask-SQLAlchemy: Addressing Gateway Errors

When using SQLAlchemy to interact with your database within a Flask web application, there may arise situations where raw SQL execution becomes necessary. Especially when dealing with complex queries that involve table joins and inline views.

To execute raw SQL in SQLAlchemy, you can utilize the following methods:

SQLAlchemy 2.0:

<code class="python">with engine.connect() as connection:
    result = connection.execute(text('SELECT * FROM your_table'))</code>

SQLAlchemy 1.x:

<code class="python">from sqlalchemy import text

sql = text('select name from penguins')
result = db.engine.execute(sql)</code>

However, it's worth noting that db.engine.execute() in SQLAlchemy 1.x is classified as "connectionless," a feature that has been marked as deprecated in SQLAlchemy 2.0. Consequently, the recommended approach is to use the with engine.connect() context manager, which ensures proper resource cleanup once the operation is complete.

By implementing these techniques, you can successfully execute raw SQL statements within your Flask-SQLAlchemy application, effectively addressing gateway errors and enabling you to handle complex database operations seamlessly.

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