1．preg_match()
函数原型：int preg_match (string $pattern, string $content [, array $matches])
preg_match ()函数在$content字符串中搜索与$pattern给出的正则表达式相匹配的内容。如果提供了$matches，则将匹配结果放入其 中。$matches[0]将包含与整个模式匹配的文本，$matches[1]将包含第一个捕获的与括号中的模式单元所匹配的内容，以此类推。该函数只 作一次匹配，最终返回0或1的匹配结果数。代码6.1给出preg_match()函数的一段代码示例。
代码6.1 日期时间的匹配
代码如下:
<?php
//需要匹配的字符串。date函数返回当前时间
$content = "Current date and time is ".date("Y-m-d h:i a").", we are learning PHP together.";
//使用通常的方法匹配时间
if (preg_match ("//d{4}-/d{2}-/d{2} /d{2}:/d{2} [ap]m/", $content, $m))
{
echo "匹配的时间是：" .$m[0]. "/n";
}
//由于时间的模式明显，也可以简单的匹配
if (preg_match ("/([/d-]{10}) ([/d:]{5} [ap]m)/", $content, $m))
{
echo "当前日期是：" .$m[1]. "/n";
echo "当前时间是：" .$m[2]. "/n";
}
?>
这是一个简单动态文本串匹配实例。假设当前系统时间是“2006年8月17日13点25分”，将输出如下的内容。
匹配的时间是：2006-08-17 01:25 pm
当前日期是：2006-08-17
当前时间是：01:25 pm
2．ereg()和eregi()
ereg()是POSIX扩展库中正则表达式的匹配函数。eregi()是ereg()函数的忽略大小写的版 本。二者与preg_match的功能类似，但函数返回的是一个布尔值，表明匹配成功与否。需要说明的是，POSIX扩展库函数的第一个参数接受的是正则 表达式字符串，即不需要使用分界符。例如，代码6.2是一个关于文件名安全检验的方法。
代码6.2 文件名的安全检验
代码如下:
<?php
$username = $_SERVER['REMOTE_USER'];
$filename = $_GET['file'];
//对文件名进行过滤，以保证系统安全
if (!ereg('^[^./][^/]*$', $userfile))
{
die('这不是一个非法的文件名！');
}
//对用户名进行过滤
if (!ereg('^[^./][^/]*$', $username))
{
die('这不是一个无效的用户名');
}
//通过安全过滤，拼合文件路径
$thefile = "/home/$username/$filename";
?>
通常情况下，使用与Perl兼容的正则表达式匹配函数perg_match()，将比使用ereg()或eregi()的速度更快。如果只是查找一个字符串中是否包含某个子字符串，建议使用strstr()或strpos()函数。
正则表达式的替换
1．ereg_replace()和eregi_replace()
函数原型：string ereg_replace (string $pattern, string $replacement, string $string)
string eregi_replace (string $pattern, string $replacement, string $string)
ereg_replace()在$string中搜索模式字符串$pattern，并将所匹配结果替换 为$replacement。当$pattern中包含模式单元（或子模式）时，$replacement中形如“/1”或“$1”的位置将依次被这些子 模式所匹配的内容替换。而“/0”或“$0”是指整个的匹配字符串的内容。需要注意的是，在双引号中反斜线作为转义符使用，所以必须使用“//0”，“ //1”的形式。
eregi_replace()和ereg_replace()的功能一致，只是前者忽略大小写。代码6.6是本函数的应用实例，这段代码演示了如何对程序源代码做简单的清理工作。
代码6.6 源代码的清理
代码如下:
<?php
$lines = file('source.php'); //将文件读入数组中
for($i=0; $i<count($lines); $i++)
{
//将行末以“//”或“#”开头的注释去掉
$lines[$i] = eregi_replace("(////|#).*$", "", $lines[$i]);
//将行末的空白消除
$lines[$i] = eregi_replace("[ /n/r/t/v/f]*$", "/r/n", $lines[$i]);
}
//整理后输出到页面
echo htmlspecialchars(join("",$lines));
?>
2．preg_replace()
函数原型：mixed preg_replace (mixed $pattern, mixed $replacement, mixed $subject [, int $limit])
preg_replace较ereg_replace的功能更加强大。其前三个参数均可以使用数组；第四个参数$limit可以设置替换的次数，默认为全部替换。代码6.7是一个数组替换的应用实例。
代码6.7 数组替换
代码如下:
<?php
//字符串
$string = "Name: {Name}<br>/nEmail: {Email}<br>/nAddress: {Address}<br>/n";
//模式
$patterns =array(
"/{Address}/",
"/{Name}/",
"/{Email}/"
);
//替换字串
$replacements = array (
"No.5, Wilson St., New York, U.S.A",
"Thomas Ching",
"tom@emailaddress.com",
);
//输出模式替换结果
print preg_replace($patterns, $replacements, $string);
?>
输出结果如下。
Name: Thomas Ching", Email: tom@emailaddress.com Address: No.5, Wilson St., New York, U.S.A
在preg_replace的正则表达式中可以使用模式修正符“e”。其作用是将匹配结果用作表达式，并且可以进行重新运算。例如：
代码如下:
<?php
$html_body = “<HTML><Body><h1 id="TEST">TEST</h1>My Picture<Img src=”my.gif”></Body></HTML>”;
//输出结果中HTML标签将全部为小写字母
echo preg_replace (
"/(<//?)(/w+)([^>]*>)/e",
"'//1'.strtolower('//2').'//3'", //此处的模式变量//2将被strtolower转换为小写字符
$html_body);
?>
提示
preg_replace函数使用了Perl兼容正则表达式语法，通常是比ereg_replace更快的替代方案。如果仅对字符串做简单的替换，可以使用str_replace函数。
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