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generationrandRAND_MAXremainderremainderfremainderlremquoremquofremquolrintrintfrintlroundroundfroundlscalblnscalblnfscalblnlscalbnscalbnfscalbnlsignbitsinsinfsinhsinhfsinhlsinlsqrtsqrtfsqrtlsrandtantanftanhtanhftanhltanltgammatgammaftgammaltrunctruncftrunclType-generic math_Complex_I_Imaginary_IProgram supportabortatexitat_quick_exitexitEXIT_FAILUREEXIT_SUCCESSgetenvgetenv_sjmp_buflongjmpProgram support utilitiesquick_exitraisesetjmpSIGABRTSIGFPESIGILLSIGINTsignalSIGSEGVSIGTERMsig_atomic_tSIG_DFLSIG_ERRSIG_IGNsystem_ExitStringsatofatoiatolatollbtowcc16rtombc32rtombchar16_tchar32_tisalnumisalphaisblankiscntrlisdigitisgraphislowerisprintispunctisspaceisupperiswalnumiswalphaiswblankiswcntrliswctypeiswdigitiswgraphiswloweriswprintiswpunctiswspaceiswupperiswxdigitisxdigitmblenmbrlenmbrtoc16mbrtoc32mbrtowcmbsinitmbsrtowcsmbsrtowcs_smbstate_tmbstowcsmbstowcs_smbtowcmemchrmemcmpmemcpymemcpy_smemmovememmove_smemsetmemset_sNull-terminated byte stringsNull-terminated multibyte stringsNull-terminated wide stringsstrcatstrcat_sstrchrstrcmpstrcollstrcpystrcpy_sstrcspnstrerrorstrerrorlen_sstrerror_sStrings librarystrlenstrncatThread supportcall_oncecnd_broadcastcnd_destroycnd_initcnd_signalcnd_timedwaitcnd_waitmtx_destroymtx_initmtx_lockmtx_plainmtx_recursivemtx_timedmtx_timedlockmtx_trylockmtx_unlockonce_flagONCE_FLAG_INITthrd_busythrd_createthrd_currentthrd_detachthrd_equalthrd_errorthrd_exitthrd_jointhrd_nomemthrd_sleepthrd_successthrd_timedoutthrd_yieldThread support librarythread_localtss_createtss_deleteTSS_DTOR_ITERATIONStss_gettss_setType supportBoolean type support libraryFixed width integer typesFLT_EVAL_METHODFLT_ROUNDSmax_align_tNULLNumeric limitsoffsetofptrdiff_tsize_tType supportVariadic functionsVariadic functionsva_argva_copyva_endva_listva_start
文字

在头文件<string.h>中定义




(1)


void * memcpy(void * dest,const void * src,size_t count);

(直到C99)


void * memcpy(void * restrict dest,const void * restrict src,size_t count);

(自C99以来)


errno_t memcpy_s(void * restrict dest,rsize_t destsz,const void * restrict src,rsize_t count);

(2)

(自C11以来)

1)复制src指向的对象中的字符到dest指向的对象。 两个对象都被解释为无符号字符数组。

如果访问超出dest数组的末尾,则行为未定义。 如果对象重叠(这违反了限制合同)(自C99以来),行为未定义。 如果dest或src是空指针,则行为是未定义的。

2)与(1)相同,只是在运行时检测到以下错误并导致整个目标范围[dest,dest + destsz)被清零(如果dest和destsz都有效),并且调用当前 安装约束处理函数:

  • dest或者src是空指针

  • destszcount大于RSIZE_MAX

  • count大于destsz(会发生缓冲区溢出)

  • 源和目标对象重叠

如果由dest <count <= destsz指向的字符数组的大小,行为是未定义的; 换句话说,destsz的错误值不会暴露即将发生的缓冲区溢出。 作为所有边界检查的函数,只有当__STDC_LIB_EXT1__由实现定义并且用户在包含string.h之前将__STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__定义为整数常量1时,memcpy_s才能保证可用。

参数

dest

-

指向要复制到的对象的指针

destsz

-

在目标中修改的最大字节数(通常是目标对象的大小)

src

-

指向要从中复制的对象的指针

count

-

要复制的字节数

返回值

1)返回一份 dest 副本

2)成功时返回零,错误时返回非零值。 同样出错的是,如果dest不是空指针且destsz有效,则将destsz零字节写入目标数组。

注意

memcpy 可用于设置由分配函数获得的对象的有效类型。

memcpy是内存到内存拷贝速度最快的库例程。 它通常比strcpy更高效,它必须扫描它拷贝或移除的数据,这必须采取预防措施来处理重叠输入。

几个C编译器将合适的内存复制循环转换为memcpy调用。

在严格别名禁止检查与两种不同类型的值相同的内存的情况下,memcpy可以用来转换这些值。

#define __STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__ 1#include <stdio.h>#include <stdint.h>#include <inttypes.h>#include <string.h>#include <stdlib.h>
 int main(void){    // simple usage
    char source[] = "once upon a midnight dreary...", dest[4];    memcpy(dest, source, sizeof dest);    for(size_t n = 0; n < sizeof dest; ++n)        putchar(dest[n]); 
    // setting effective type of allocated memory to be int
    int *p = malloc(3*sizeof(int));   // allocated memory has no effective type
    int arr[3] = {1,2,3};    memcpy(p,arr,3*sizeof(int));      // allocated memory now has an effective type 
    // reinterpreting data
    double d = 0.1;//    int64_t n = *(int64_t*)(&d); // strict aliasing violation
    int64_t n;    memcpy(&n, &d, sizeof d); // OK    printf("\n%a is %" PRIx64 " as an int64_t\n", d, n);
 #ifdef __STDC_LIB_EXT1__    set_constraint_handler_s(ignore_handler_s);
    char src[] = "aaaaaaaaaa";
    char dst[] = "xyxyxyxyxy";
    int r = memcpy_s(dst,sizeof dst,src,5);    printf("dst = \"%s\", r = %d\n", dst,r);
    r = memcpy_s(dst,5,src,10);            //  count is greater than destsz      printf("dst = \"");    for(size_t ndx=0; ndx<sizeof dst; ++ndx) {
        char c = dst[ndx];
        c ? printf("%c", c) : printf("\\0");    }    printf("\", r = %d\n", r);#endif}

可能的输出:

once0x1.999999999999ap-4 is 3fb999999999999a as an int64_t
dst = "aaaaayxyxy", r = 0dst = "\0\0\0\0\0yxyxy", r = 22

参考

  • C11标准(ISO / IEC 9899:2011):

    • 7.24.2.1 memcpy函数(p:362)

    • K.3.7.1.1 memcpy_s函数(p:614)

  • C99标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1999):

    • 7.21.2.1 memcpy函数(p:325)

  • C89 / C90标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1990):

    • 4.11.2.1 memcpy函数

扩展内容

memmovememmove_s(C11)

移动一个缓冲区到另一个(功能)

wmemcpywmemcpy_s(C95)(C11)

在两个非重叠数组之间复制一定数量的宽字符(函数)

| 用于memcpy的C ++文档 |

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在头文件<wctype.h>中定义



int iswdigit(wint_t ch);


(自C95以来)

检查给定的宽字符是否对应(如果缩小)十个十进制数字字符0123456789中的一个。

参数

CH

-

宽字符

返回值

如果宽字符是数字字符,则为非零值,否则为零。

注意

iswdigitiswxdigit是唯一不受当前安装的C语言环境影响的标准宽字符分类函数。

一些语言环境提供了检测非ASCII数字的附加字符类。

#include <stdio.h>#include <wctype.h>#include <wchar.h>#include <locale.h> void test(wchar_t a3, wchar_t u3, wchar_t j3){    printf("        '%lc' '%lc' '%lc'\n", a3, u3, j3);    printf("iswdigit %d    %d   %d\n",           !!iswdigit(a3), !!iswdigit(u3), !!iswdigit(j3));    printf("jdigit:  %d    %d   %d\n", !!iswctype(a3, wctype("jdigit")),          !!iswctype(u3, wctype("jdigit")),          !!iswctype(j3, wctype("jdigit")));}
 int main(void){
    wchar_t a3 = L'3';  // the ASCII digit 3
    wchar_t u3 = L'三'; // the CJK numeral 3
    wchar_t j3 = L'3'; // the fullwidth digit 3 
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");    puts("In American locale:");    test(a3, u3, j3); 
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "ja_JP.utf8");    puts("\nIn Japanese locale:");    test(a3, u3, j3);}

输出:

In American locale:        '3' '三' '3'iswdigit 1    0   0jdigit:  0    0   0
 In Japanese locale:        '3' '三' '3'iswdigit 1    0   0jdigit:  0    0   1

参考

  • C11标准(ISO / IEC 9899:2011):

    • 7.30.2.1.5 iswdigit函数(p:449)

  • C99标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1999):

    • 7.25.2.1.5 iswdigit函数(p:395)

扩展内容

isdigit

检查一个字符是否是一个数字(功能)

| 用于iswdigit的C ++文档 |

ASCII 值  (十六进制)

字符

iscntrl  iswcntrl.

isprint  iswprint.

isspace  iswspace.

isblank  iswblank.

isgraph  iswgraph.

ispunct  iswpunct.

isalnum  iswalnum.

isalpha  iswalpha.

isupper  iswupper.

islower  iswlower.

isdigit  iswdigit.

isxdigit  iswxdigit.


0 - 8

0x00-0x08

控制码 (NUL, etc.)

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

0x09

tab (\t)

≠0

0

≠0

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

10 - 13

0x0A-0x0D

空格 (\n,\v,\f,\r)

≠0

0

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

14 - 31

0x0E-0x1F

控制码

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

32

0x20

space

0

≠0

≠0

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

33 - 47

0x21-0x2F

!"#$%&'()*+,-./

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

48 - 57

0x30-0x39

0123456789

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

0

≠0

0

0

0

≠0

≠0

58 - 64

0x3a-0x40

:;<=>?@

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

65 - 70

0x41-0x46

ABCDEF

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

0

≠0

≠0

≠0

0

0

≠0

71 - 90

0x47-0x5A

GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

0

≠0

≠0

≠0

0

0

0

91 - 96

0x5B-0x60

[]^_` | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | ≠0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |













97 -102

0x61-0x66

abcdef

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

0

≠0

≠0

0

≠0

0

≠0

103-122

0x67-0x7A

ghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

0

≠0

≠0

0

≠0

0

0

123-126

0x7B-0x7E

{|}~

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

127

0x7F

退格 (DEL)

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

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