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在头文件<math.h>中定义



float powf( float base, float exponent );

(1)

(since C99)

double pow( double base, double exponent );

(2)


long double powl( long double base, long double exponent );

(3)

(since C99)

Defined in header <tgmath.h>



#define pow( base, exponent )

(4)

(since C99)

1-3)计算base提高到功率的值exponent

4)类型 - 通用宏:如果任何参数具有类型long doublepowl则被调用。否则,如果任何参数具有整数类型或具有类型doublepow则被调用。否则,powf被调用。如果至少一个参数是复杂的或虚,则宏调用相应的复变函数(cpowfcpowcpowl)。

参数

基础

-

基础为浮点值

指数

-

指数为浮点值

返回值

如果没有错误发生,base提高到exponent(基础组件的力量

)返回。

如果发生域错误,则返回实现定义的值(NaN,如果支持)。

如果极错误或一系列错误,由于发生溢出,±HUGE_VAL±HUGE_VALF,或±HUGE_VALL返回。

如果由于下溢而发生范围错误,则返回正确的结果(舍入后)。

错误处理

按照math_errhandling中的指定报告错误。

如果base是有限且负数,并且exponent是有限且非整数,则会发生域错误并可能发生范围错误。

如果base为零且exponent为零,则可能会出现域错误。

如果base为零且exponent为负值,则可能会出现域错误或极点错误。

如果实现支持IEEE浮点运算(IEC 60559),

  • pow(+0, exponent),其中exponent是一个负的奇数整数,返回+∞并提升FE_DIVBYZERO

  • pow(-0, exponent),其中exponent是一个负的奇数整数,返回-∞并提升FE_DIVBYZERO

  • pow(±0, exponent),其中exponent是负数,有限数,是偶数或非整数,返回+∞并上升FE_DIVBYZERO

  • pow(±0, -∞) 返回+∞并可能升高 FE_DIVBYZERO

  • pow(+0, exponent),其中exponent是一个正的奇数整数,返回+0

  • pow(-0, exponent),其中exponent是一个正的奇数整数,返回-0

  • pow(±0, exponent),其中exponent是正整数或正整数,返回+0

  • pow(-1, ±∞) 回报 1

  • pow(+1, exponent)1任何回报exponent,即使exponentNaN

  • pow(base, ±0)1任何回报base,即使baseNaN

  • pow(base, exponent)如果是有限的和负的,并且是有限的和非整数的,则返回NaN并且升高。FE_INVALIDbaseexponent

  • pow(base, -∞) 返回+∞的任何 |base|<1

  • pow(base, -∞) 任何返回+0 |base|>1

  • pow(base, +∞) 任何返回+0 |base|<1

  • pow(base, +∞) 返回+∞的任何 |base|>1

  • pow(-∞, exponent)如果exponent是负的奇数则返回-0

  • pow(-∞, exponent)如果exponent是非负整数或偶数则返回+0

  • pow(-∞, exponent)返回-∞如果exponent是正的奇数整数

  • pow(-∞, exponent)返回+∞如果exponent是一个正的非整数或甚至整数

  • pow(+∞, exponent) 对任何否定返回+0 exponent

  • pow(+∞, exponent) 对任何积极的结果返回+∞ exponent

  • 除了上面指定的地方,如果任何参数是NaN,则返回NaN

笔记

虽然pow不能用于获得负数的根,cbrt但是为exponent1/3 的常见情况提供。

#include <stdio.h>#include <math.h>#include <errno.h>#include <fenv.h>
 #pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
int main(void){    // typical usage    printf("pow(2, 10) = %f\n", pow(2,10));    printf("pow(2, 0.5) = %f\n", pow(2,0.5));    printf("pow(-2, -3) = %f\n", pow(-2,-3));    // special values    printf("pow(-1, NAN) = %f\n", pow(-1,NAN));    printf("pow(+1, NAN) = %f\n", pow(+1,NAN));    printf("pow(INFINITY, 2) = %f\n", pow(INFINITY, 2));    printf("pow(INFINITY, -1) = %f\n", pow(INFINITY, -1));    // error handling 
    errno = 0; feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);    printf("pow(-1, 1/3) = %f\n", pow(-1, 1.0/3));    if(errno == EDOM)         perror("    errno == EDOM");    if(fetestexcept(FE_INVALID)) puts("    FE_INVALID raised"); 
    feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);    printf("pow(-0, -3) = %f\n", pow(-0.0, -3));    if(fetestexcept(FE_DIVBYZERO)) puts("    FE_DIVBYZERO raised");}

可能的输出:

pow(2, 10) = 1024.000000pow(2, 0.5) = 1.414214pow(-2, -3) = -0.125000pow(-1, NAN) = nanpow(+1, NAN) = 1.000000pow(INFINITY, 2) = infpow(INFINITY, -1) = 0.000000pow(-1, 1/3) = -nan
    errno == EDOM: Numerical argument out of domain
    FE_INVALID raisedpow(-0, -3) = -inf
    FE_DIVBYZERO raised

参考

  • C11标准(ISO / IEC 9899:2011):

    • 7.12.7.4幂函数(p:248-249)

    • 7.25类型通用数学<tgmath.h>(p:373-375)

    • F.10.4.4幂函数(p:524-525)

  • C99标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1999):

    • 7.12.7.4 pow函数(p:229)

    • 7.22类型通用数学<tgmath.h>(p:335-337)

    • F.9.4.4幂函数(p:461)

  • C89 / C90标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1990):

    • 4.5.5.1 pow函数

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