vue怎麼阻止重複請求?以下這篇文章跟大家介紹vue阻止重複請求的兩種方式,希望對大家有幫助!
專案當中前端程式碼會遇到同一個請求向伺服器發了多次的情況,我們要避免伺服器資源浪費,同一個請求一定時間只允許發一次請求
(1)如果業務簡單,例如同一個按鈕防止多次點擊,我們可以用定時器做防手震處理
(2 )如果業務複雜,例如多個組件通過代碼,同一個請求發多次,這個時候防抖已經不好處理了,最好是對重複的ajax請求統一做取消操作
方式1-透過計時器做防手震處理
效果:當使用者連續點擊多次同一個按鈕,最後一次點擊之後,過小段時間後才發起一次請求
原理:每次呼叫方法後都產生一個定時器,定時器結束以後再發請求,如果重複調用方法,就取消當前的定時器,創建新的定時器,等結束後再發請求,工作當中可以用第三方封裝的工具函數例如lodash
的debounce
方法來簡化防手震的程式碼 【相關推薦:vuejs影片教學、web前端開發】
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title> <script src="https://lf26-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/lodash.js/4.17.21/lodash.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script> <script src="https://lf26-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/vue/2.6.14/vue.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script> <script src="https://lf9-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/axios/0.26.0/axios.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script> </head> <body> <div id="app"> <button @click="onClick">请求</button> </div> </body> <script> // 定义请求接口 function sendPost(data){ return axios({ url: 'https://nodejs-cloud-studio-demo-bkzxs.nodejs-cloud-studio-demo.50185620.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net/test', method: 'post', data }) } new Vue({ el: '#app', methods: { // 调用lodash的防抖方法debounce,实现连续点击按钮多次,0.3秒后调用1次接口 onClick: _.debounce(async function(){ let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20}) console.log('请求的结果', res.data) }, 300), }, }) </script> </html>
無法解決多個按鈕件的重複請求的發送問題,例如下面兩種情況
按鈕事件間是相互獨立的,調用的是不同方法,做不到按鈕間防抖效果
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title> <script src="https://lf26-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/lodash.js/4.17.21/lodash.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script> <script src="https://lf26-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/vue/2.6.14/vue.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script> <script src="https://lf9-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/axios/0.26.0/axios.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script> </head> <body> <div id="app"> <button @click="onClick1" ref="btn1">请求1</button> <button @click="onClick2" ref="btn2">请求2</button> </div> </body> <script> let sendPost = function(data){ return axios({ url: 'http://nodejs-cloud-studio-demo-bkzxs.nodejs-cloud-studio-demo.50185620.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net/test', method: 'post', data }) } new Vue({ el: '#app', mounted() { this.$refs.btn1.click() this.$refs.btn2.click() }, methods: { // 使用lodash对请求方法做防抖 //这里有问题,只是对每个按钮的点击事件单独做了防抖,但是两个按钮之间做不到防抖的效果 onClick1: _.debounce(async function(){ let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20}) console.log('请求1的结果', res.data) }, 300), onClick2: _.debounce(async function(){ let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20}) console.log('请求2的结果', res.data) }, 300), }, }) </script> </html>
#按鈕間呼叫的方法是相同的,是可以對方法做防抖處理,但是處理本身對方法做了一次封裝,會影響到之前方法的返回值接收,需要對之前的方法做更多處理,變得更加複雜,不推薦
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title> <script src="https://lf26-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/lodash.js/4.17.21/lodash.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script> <script src="https://lf26-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/vue/2.6.14/vue.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script> <script src="https://lf9-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/axios/0.26.0/axios.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script> </head> <body> <div id="app"> <button @click="onClick1" ref="btn1">请求1</button> <button @click="onClick2" ref="btn2">请求2</button> </div> </body> <script> // 使用lodash对请求方法做防抖, let sendPost = _.debounce(function(data){ //这里有问题,这里的返回值不能作为sendPost方法执行的返回值,因为debounce内部包裹了一层 return axios({ url: 'http://nodejs-cloud-studio-demo-bkzxs.nodejs-cloud-studio-demo.50185620.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net/test', method: 'post', data }) }, 300) new Vue({ el: '#app', mounted() { this.$refs.btn1.click() this.$refs.btn2.click() }, methods: { onClick1: async function(){ //这里有问题,sendPost返回值不是promise,而是undefined let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20}) console.log('请求1的结果', res) }, onClick2: async function(){ let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20}) console.log('请求2的结果', res) }, }, }) </script> </html>
#方式2-透過取消ajax請求
直接對請求方法做處理,透過ajax函式庫的api方法把重複的請求給取消掉
透過呼叫XMLHttpRequest
物件實例的abort
方法把請求給取消掉
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body> </body> <script> //原生ajax的语法 let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.open("GET", "http://nodejs-cloud-studio-demo-bkzxs.nodejs-cloud-studio-demo.50185620.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net/test?username=zs&age=20", true); xhr.onload = function(){ console.log(xhr.responseText) } xhr.send(); //在谷歌浏览器的低速3g下面测试 //通过XMLHttpRequest实例的abort方法取消请求 setTimeout(() => xhr.abort(), 100); </script> </html>axios取消請求
透過
axios的
CancelToken物件實例
cancel
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title> <script src="https://lf9-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/axios/0.26.0/axios.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script> </head> <body> </body> <script> /*axios的取消的语法*/ // 方式1-通过axios.CancelToken.source产生cancelToken和cancel方法 /* const source = axios.CancelToken.source(); axios.get('http://nodejs-cloud-studio-demo-bkzxs.nodejs-cloud-studio-demo.50185620.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net/test', { params: {username: 'zs', age: 20}, cancelToken: source.token }).then(res=>{ console.log('res', res.data) }).catch(err=>{ console.log('err', err) }) //在谷歌浏览器的低速3g下面测试 //通过调用source的cancel方法取消 setTimeout(() => source.cancel(), 100); */ /**/ // 方式2-通过new axios.CancelToken产生cancelToken和cancel方法 let cancelFn const cancelToken = new axios.CancelToken(cancel=>{ cancelFn = cancel }); axios.get('http://nodejs-cloud-studio-demo-bkzxs.nodejs-cloud-studio-demo.50185620.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net/test', { params: {username: 'zs', age: 20}, cancelToken: cancelToken }).then(res=>{ console.log('res', res.data) }).catch(err=>{ console.log('err', err) }) //在谷歌浏览器的低速3g下面测试 //通过调用cancelFn方法取消 setTimeout(() => cancelFn(), 100); </script> </html>預覽 (c)代碼#步驟1-透過axios請求攔截器取消重複請求
#透過
axios
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title> <script src="https://lf26-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/vue/2.6.14/vue.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script> <script src="https://lf9-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/axios/0.26.0/axios.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script> <script src="https://lf3-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/qs/6.10.3/qs.js" type="application/javascript"></script> </head> <body> <div id="app"> <button @click="onClick1" ref="btn1">请求1</button> <button @click="onClick2" ref="btn2">请求2</button> </div> </body> <script> //存储请求信息和取消方法的的map对象 const pendingRequest = new Map(); //根据请求的信息(请求方式,url,请求get/post数据),产生map的key function getRequestKey(config){ const { method, url, params, data } = config; return [method, url, Qs.stringify(params), Qs.stringify(data)].join("&"); } //请求拦截器 axios.interceptors.request.use( function (config) { //根据请求的信息(请求方式,url,请求get/post数据),产生map的key let requestKey = getRequestKey(config) //判断请求是否重复 if(pendingRequest.has(requestKey)){ //取消上次请求 let cancel = pendingRequest.get(requestKey) cancel() //删除请求信息 pendingRequest.delete(requestKey) } //把请求信息,添加请求到map当中 // 生成取消方法 config.cancelToken = config.cancelToken || new axios.CancelToken(cancel => { // 把取消方法添加到map if (!pendingRequest.has(requestKey)) { pendingRequest.set(requestKey, cancel) } }) return config; }, (error) => { return Promise.reject(error); } ); let sendPost = function(data){ return axios({ url: 'http://nodejs-cloud-studio-demo-bkzxs.nodejs-cloud-studio-demo.50185620.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net/test', method: 'post', data }) } new Vue({ el: '#app', mounted() { this.$refs.btn1.click() this.$refs.btn2.click() }, methods: { // 使用lodash对请求方法做防抖 //这里有问题,只是对每个按钮的点击事件单独做了防抖,但是两个按钮之间做不到防抖的效果 onClick1: async function(){ let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20}) console.log('请求1的结果', res.data) }, onClick2: async function(){ let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20}) console.log('请求2的结果', res.data) }, }, }) </script> </html>預覽 步驟2-透過axios回應攔截器處理請求成功
透過
axios
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title> <script src="https://lf26-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/vue/2.6.14/vue.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script> <script src="https://lf9-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/axios/0.26.0/axios.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script> <script src="https://lf3-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/qs/6.10.3/qs.js" type="application/javascript"></script> </head> <body> <div id="app"> <button @click="onClick1" ref="btn1">请求1</button> <button @click="onClick2" ref="btn2">请求2</button> </div> </body> <script> //存储请求信息和取消方法的的map对象 const pendingRequest = new Map(); //根据请求的信息(请求方式,url,请求get/post数据),产生map的key function getRequestKey(config){ const { method, url, params, data } = config; return [method, url, Qs.stringify(params), Qs.stringify(data)].join("&"); } //请求拦截器 axios.interceptors.request.use( function (config) { //根据请求的信息(请求方式,url,请求get/post数据),产生map的key let requestKey = getRequestKey(config) //判断请求是否重复 if(pendingRequest.has(requestKey)){ //取消上次请求 let cancel = pendingRequest.get(requestKey) cancel() //删除请求信息 pendingRequest.delete(requestKey) } //把请求信息,添加请求到map当中 // 生成取消方法 config.cancelToken = config.cancelToken || new axios.CancelToken(cancel => { // 把取消方法添加到map if (!pendingRequest.has(requestKey)) { pendingRequest.set(requestKey, cancel) } }) return config; }, (error) => { return Promise.reject(error); } ); //响应拦截器 axios.interceptors.response.use( (response) => { //请求成功 //删除请求的信息 let requestKey = getRequestKey(response.config) if(pendingRequest.has(requestKey)){ pendingRequest.delete(requestKey) } return response; }, (error) => { return Promise.reject(error); } ); let sendPost = function(data){ return axios({ url: 'http://nodejs-cloud-studio-demo-bkzxs.nodejs-cloud-studio-demo.50185620.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net/test', method: 'post', data }) } new Vue({ el: '#app', mounted() { this.$refs.btn1.click() this.$refs.btn2.click() }, methods: { // 使用lodash对请求方法做防抖 //这里有问题,只是对每个按钮的点击事件单独做了防抖,但是两个按钮之间做不到防抖的效果 onClick1: async function(){ let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20}) console.log('请求1的结果', res.data) }, onClick2: async function(){ let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20}) console.log('请求2的结果', res.data) }, }, }) </script> </html>#預覽####
通过axios
的响应拦截器,在请求失败后在map对象当中,删除该请求信息的数据
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title> <script src="https://lf26-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/vue/2.6.14/vue.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script> <script src="https://lf9-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/axios/0.26.0/axios.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script> <script src="https://lf3-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/qs/6.10.3/qs.js" type="application/javascript"></script> </head> <body> <div id="app"> <button @click="onClick1" ref="btn1">请求1</button> <button @click="onClick2" ref="btn2">请求2</button> </div> </body> <script> //存储请求信息和取消方法的的map对象 const pendingRequest = new Map(); //根据请求的信息(请求方式,url,请求get/post数据),产生map的key function getRequestKey(config){ const { method, url, params, data } = config; return [method, url, Qs.stringify(params), Qs.stringify(data)].join("&"); } //请求拦截器 axios.interceptors.request.use( function (config) { //根据请求的信息(请求方式,url,请求get/post数据),产生map的key let requestKey = getRequestKey(config) //判断请求是否重复 if(pendingRequest.has(requestKey)){ //取消上次请求 let cancel = pendingRequest.get(requestKey) cancel() //删除请求信息 pendingRequest.delete(requestKey) } //把请求信息,添加请求到map当中 // 生成取消方法 config.cancelToken = config.cancelToken || new axios.CancelToken(cancel => { // 把取消方法添加到map if (!pendingRequest.has(requestKey)) { pendingRequest.set(requestKey, cancel) } }) return config; }, (error) => { return Promise.reject(error); } ); //删除请求信息 function delPendingRequest(config){ let requestKey = getRequestKey(config) if(pendingRequest.has(requestKey)){ pendingRequest.delete(requestKey) } } //响应拦截器 axios.interceptors.response.use( (response) => { //请求成功 //删除请求的信息 delPendingRequest(response.config) return response; }, (error) => { //请求失败 //不是取消请求的错误 if (!axios.isCancel(error)){ //服务器报400,500报错,删除请求信息 delPendingRequest(error.config || {}) } return Promise.reject(error); } ); let sendPost = function(data){ return axios({ url: 'http://nodejs-cloud-studio-demo-bkzxs.nodejs-cloud-studio-demo.50185620.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net/test', method: 'post', data }) } new Vue({ el: '#app', mounted() { this.$refs.btn1.click() this.$refs.btn2.click() }, methods: { // 使用lodash对请求方法做防抖 //这里有问题,只是对每个按钮的点击事件单独做了防抖,但是两个按钮之间做不到防抖的效果 onClick1: async function(){ let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20}) console.log('请求1的结果', res.data) }, onClick2: async function(){ let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20}) console.log('请求2的结果', res.data) }, }, }) </script> </html>
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