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手把手教你用js實作一個拖曳效果

藏色散人
藏色散人轉載
2023-01-24 08:30:012722瀏覽
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這篇文章帶給大家了關於前端拖曳效果實現的相關知識,其中主要介紹了怎麼用js來實現一個好看的拖曳效果?怎麼排版佈局?有興趣的朋友,下面一起來看看吧,希望對大家有幫助。

前言

最近看見一個拖曳效果的視頻,看好多人評論說跟著敲也沒效果,還有就是作者也不回復大家提出的一些疑問,本著知其然必要知其所以然的心理,我把實現效果研究了一遍,並且了解了其實現原理,這裡給大家復盤其原理,學到就是賺到

準備

這裡我們要用到字體圖標,所以我們從iconfont阿里圖標庫直接引入

  • 找到需要的圖標,添加進項目
  • 找到圖標所在的項目,點擊查看鏈接
  • 複製位址,或點選位址複製跳轉後位址連結

手把手教你用js實作一個拖曳效果

<link>复制代码

建立所需結構

把我們需要結構先寫出來

  • draggable:讓盒子可以拖曳
  • #style="--color:#e63e31"--color讓盒子背景色根據--color顯示(與下方css樣式相聯繫)
 <div>        <div>
            <i></i>
            <span>双鱼座</span>
        </div>
        <div>
            <i></i>
            <span>水平座</span>
        </div>
        <div>
            <i></i>
            <span>摩羯座</span>
        </div>
        <div>
            <i></i>
            <span>处女座</span>
        </div>
        <div>
            <i></i>
            <span>狮子座</span>
        </div>
    </div>复制代码

編寫樣式

這裡直接採用flex對盒子進行排版佈局

  • background-color: var(--color);var(--color)是或自訂屬性的顏色
body{
  background-color: #000;
}
.list{  width: 300px;  height: 360px;  /* padding: 20px 0; */
  margin: 100px auto 0;  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-around;
}
.list-item{  width: 100%;  display: flex;
  align-items: center;  padding: 0 16px;
  border-radius: 10px;  /* margin-bottom: 20px; */background-color: var(--color);
}
.constellation{
  line-height: 2.5em;
  font-size: 20px;  color: #fff;
}
.list-item-img{  width: 30px;  height: 30px;
}
.list-item-title{
  margin-left: 20px;  color: #fff;
}// 移动动画class.list-item.moving{
background-color: transparent;border: 2px dashed #ccc;
}复制代码

手把手教你用js實作一個拖曳效果

js編寫拖曳效果

首先取得需要用到的元素

// 获取整个listconst list = document.querySelector('.list')// 获取每一个盒子const item = document.querySelectorAll('.list-item')复制代码

開始拖曳的時候需要加上移動的類,並且設定移動效果

// 开始拖动
    list.ondragstart = e => {
        source_node = e.target
        recode(item)        setTimeout(() => {        // 拖拽时样式
            e.target.classList.add('moving')
        }, 0)        // 设置拖动效果
        e.dataTransfer.effectAllowed = 'move'
    }复制代码

拖曳中需要判斷是從上往下還是從下往上,根據拖曳元素和放入元素的索引進行比對,從而對拖曳元素進行插入節點操作

##注意: 碼上掘金從上往下的時候會出現bug,在瀏覽器不會,我個人覺得應該是碼上掘金的問題

 // 拖拽放入有效目标触发
    list.ondragenter = e => {
        e.preventDefault()        console.log(e.target.id, list)        if (e.target === list || e.target === source_node) {            return false
        }        const childer = Array.from(list.children)        const sourceIndex = childer.indexOf(source_node)        const targetIndex = childer.indexOf(e.target)        // console.log(sourceIndex, targetIndex)
        if (sourceIndex 拖拽結束後把拖曳時的樣式移除<p></p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">// 拖放结束
    list.ondragend = e => {
        e.target.classList.remove('moving')
    }复制代码
解釋方法

這裡有好多沒有用過或比較少用的方法,這裡給大家解釋一下

  • ondragstart:當使用者開始拖曳一個元素或文字選擇時,會觸發dragstart事件
  • ondragover:當元素或文字選擇被拖曳到有效的拖曳目標上時(每幾百毫秒一次),就會觸發拖曳事件
  • ondragenter:當被拖曳的元素或文字選擇進入有效的拖曳目標時,會觸發dragenter事件
  • ondragend: 當拖曳操作結束時(透過釋放滑鼠按鈕或點擊escape鍵)觸發dragend事件。
  • e.dataTransfer.effectAllowed:用來設定拖曳時的效果,常用參數有(move,link,copy)
  • getBoundingClientRect :傳回元素對於視窗的資訊
  • requestAnimationFrame:重繪動畫
  • cancelAnimationFrame:用於取消requestAnimationFrame呼叫請求
#所有程式碼

結束

################################### ##這次小案例主要是讓我們了解並運用draggable屬性,及一些拖曳方法的學習,學到就是賺到,歡迎大家找我溝通交流,一起學習######推薦學習:《# ##JavaScript影片教學###》#######

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