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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialPython单元测试框架unittest使用方法讲解

概述

1.测试脚手架(test fixture)

测试准备前要做的工作和测试执行完后要做的工作.包括setUp()和tearDown().

2.测试案例(test case)

最小的测试单元.

3.测试套件(test suite)

测试案例的集合.

4.测试运行器(test runner)

测试执行的组件.

命令行接口

可以用命令行运行测试模块,测试类以及测试方法.

代码如下:


python -m unittest test_module1 test_module2
python -m unittest test_module.TestClass
python -m unittest test_module.TestClass.test_method


可加-v打印详细信息

代码如下:


python -m unittest -v test_module


测试案例自动搜索

unittest支持简单的test discovery. 命令行传入discovery后,框架会自动在当前目录搜索要测试的案例并执行.搜索目录必须是包或者模块.基本使用如下:

代码如下:


cd project_directory
python -m unittest discover


子选项如下:
-v, –verbose
输出信息的详细级别

-s, –start-directory directory
开始搜索目录 (默认为当前目录)

-p, –pattern pattern
匹配的文件名 (默认为test*.py)

-t, –top-level-directory directory
搜索的顶层目录 (默认为start directory)

创建测试代码

1.方式一

创建子类继承unittest.TestCase,然后重写以下方法

代码如下:


class WidgetTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        pass
    def runTest(self):
        pass
    def tearDown(self):
        pass

运行

2.方式二

编写以test开头的方法

代码如下:


class WidgetTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        pass

    def test_xx1(self)
    def test_xx2(self)
    ...
    def test_xxN(self)

    def tearDown(self):
        pass


构建测试套件

方式一

代码如下:


widgetTestSuite = unittest.TestSuite()
widgetTestSuite.addTest(WidgetTestCase('test_default_size'))
widgetTestSuite.addTest(WidgetTestCase('test_resize'))

方式二(推荐)

代码如下:


def suite():
    suite = unittest.TestSuite()
    suite.addTest(WidgetTestCase('test_default_size'))
    suite.addTest(WidgetTestCase('test_resize'))
    return suite


方式三(推荐)

代码如下:


def suite():
    tests = ['test_default_size', 'test_resize']
    return unittest.TestSuite(map(WidgetTestCase, tests))


方式四

多个测试套件构建成更大的测试套件

代码如下:


suite1 = module1.TheTestSuite()
suite2 = module2.TheTestSuite()
alltests = unittest.TestSuite([suite1, suite2])


方式五

unittest的TestLoader提供生成默认的测试套件

代码如下:


suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(WidgetTestCase)

忽略测试案例( Python2.7支持)

可以分无条件忽略和有条件忽略,通过装饰器实现

代码如下:


class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

    @unittest.skip("demonstrating skipping")
    def test_nothing(self):
        self.fail("shouldn't happen")

    @unittest.skipIf(mylib.__version__                      "not supported in this library version")
    def test_format(self):
        # Tests that work for only a certain version of the library.
        pass

    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
    def test_windows_support(self):
        # windows specific testing code
        pass


测试类也可以忽略

代码如下:


@unittest.skip("showing class skipping")
class MySkippedTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_not_run(self):
        pass

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