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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython Tutorial在Python中使用M2Crypto模块实现AES加密的教程

 AES(英文:Advanced Encryption Standard,中文:高级加密标准),是一种区块加密标准。AES将原始数据分成多个4×4字节矩阵来处理,通过预先定义的密钥对每个字节矩阵中的每个字节进行异或、替换、移位以及线性变换操作来达到加密的目的。密钥长度可以是128,192或256比特。
    下面是一个利用Python M2Crypto库,并使用aes_128_ecb算法进行加密和解密的例子。首先介绍一下几个关键的点:
1、iv(Initialization vector),即初始化向量,用于避免相同的数据多次加密都产生相同的密文。最大长度为16字节,超出16字节部分会被忽略,最好是随机产生以增加加密的强度。
2、ECB (Electronic codebook,ECB),它会对每个4×4字节矩阵都用同一个密钥进行加密,而且沒有使用 IV。优点是每个字节矩阵都可以独立进行加密,因此可以同时对每个字节矩阵进行加密;缺点是对于相关的数据,加密之后的密文都是一样的。
3、Padding,由于AES是以4×4字节矩阵作为单位进行处理,因为待加密数据必须是16的倍数,若不足16的倍数,将会进行填充操作。aes_128_ecb算法加密默认填充模式是pkcs5。
 

from M2Crypto.EVP import Cipher 
from M2Crypto import m2 
from M2Crypto import util 
  
ENCRYPT_OP = 1 # 加密操作 
DECRYPT_OP = 0 # 解密操作 
  
iv = '\0' * 16 # 初始化变量,对于aes_128_ecb算法无用 
PRIVATE_KEY = 'dd7fd4a156d28bade96f816db1d18609' # 密钥 
  
def Encrypt(data): 
 '使用aes_128_ecb算法对数据加密' 
 cipher = Cipher(alg = 'aes_128_ecb', key = PRIVATE_KEY, iv = iv, op = ENCRYPT_OP) 
 buf = cipher.update(data) 
 buf = buf + cipher.final() 
 del cipher 
 # 将明文从字节流转为16进制 
 output = '' 
 for i in buf: 
  output += '%02X' % (ord(i)) 
 return output 
  
def Decrypt(data): 
 '使用aes_128_ecb算法对数据解密' 
 # 将密文从16进制转为字节流 
 data = util.h2b(data) 
 cipher = Cipher(alg = 'aes_128_ecb', key = PRIVATE_KEY, iv = iv, op = DECRYPT_OP) 
 buf = cipher.update(data) 
 buf = buf + cipher.final() 
 del cipher 
 return buf

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