项目内容:
用Python写的糗事百科的网络爬虫。
使用方法:
新建一个Bug.py文件,然后将代码复制到里面后,双击运行。
程序功能:
在命令提示行中浏览糗事百科。
原理解释:
首先,先浏览一下糗事百科的主页:http://www.qiushibaike.com/hot/page/1
可以看出来,链接中page/后面的数字就是对应的页码,记住这一点为以后的编写做准备。
然后,右击查看页面源码:
观察发现,每一个段子都用div标记,其中class必为content,title是发帖时间,我们只需要用正则表达式将其“扣”出来就可以了。
明白了原理之后,剩下的就是正则表达式的内容了,可以参照这篇文章:
http://www.bitsCN.com/article/57150.htm
运行效果:
代码如下:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import urllib2
import urllib
import re
import thread
import time
#----------- 加载处理糗事百科 -----------
class Spider_Model:
def __init__(self):
self.page = 1
self.pages = []
self.enable = False
# 将所有的段子都扣出来,添加到列表中并且返回列表
def GetPage(self,page):
myUrl = "http://m.qiushibaike.com/hot/page/" + page
user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'
headers = { 'User-Agent' : user_agent }
req = urllib2.Request(myUrl, headers = headers)
myResponse = urllib2.urlopen(req)
myPage = myResponse.read()
#encode的作用是将unicode编码转换成其他编码的字符串
#decode的作用是将其他编码的字符串转换成unicode编码
unicodePage = myPage.decode("utf-8")
# 找出所有class="content"的div标记
#re.S是任意匹配模式,也就是.可以匹配换行符
myItems = re.findall('
items = []
for item in myItems:
# item 中第一个是div的标题,也就是时间
# item 中第二个是div的内容,也就是内容
items.append([item[0].replace("\n",""),item[1].replace("\n","")])
return items
# 用于加载新的段子
def LoadPage(self):
# 如果用户未输入quit则一直运行
while self.enable:
# 如果pages数组中的内容小于2个
if len(self.pages) try:
# 获取新的页面中的段子们
myPage = self.GetPage(str(self.page))
self.page += 1
self.pages.append(myPage)
except:
print '无法链接糗事百科!'
else:
time.sleep(1)
def ShowPage(self,nowPage,page):
for items in nowPage:
print u'第%d页' % page , items[0] , items[1]
myInput = raw_input()
if myInput == "quit":
self.enable = False
break
def Start(self):
self.enable = True
page = self.page
print u'正在加载中请稍候......'
# 新建一个线程在后台加载段子并存储
thread.start_new_thread(self.LoadPage,())
#----------- 加载处理糗事百科 -----------
while self.enable:
# 如果self的page数组中存有元素
if self.pages:
nowPage = self.pages[0]
del self.pages[0]
self.ShowPage(nowPage,page)
page += 1
#----------- 程序的入口处 -----------
print u"""
---------------------------------------
程序:糗百爬虫
版本:0.3
作者:why
日期:2014-06-03
语言:Python 2.7
操作:输入quit退出阅读糗事百科
功能:按下回车依次浏览今日的糗百热点
---------------------------------------
"""
print u'请按下回车浏览今日的糗百内容:'
raw_input(' ')
myModel = Spider_Model()
myModel.Start()
Q&A:
1.为什么有段时间显示糗事百科不可用?
答:前段时间因为糗事百科添加了Header的检验,导致无法爬取,需要在代码中模拟Header。现在代码已经作了修改,可以正常使用。
2.为什么需要单独新建个线程?
答:基本流程是这样的:爬虫在后台新起一个线程,一直爬取两页的糗事百科,如果剩余不足两页,则再爬一页。用户按下回车只是从库存中获取最新的内容,而不是上网获取,所以浏览更顺畅。也可以把加载放在主线程,不过这样会导致爬取过程中等待时间过长的问题。

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