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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialPython中super的用法实例

super 是用来解决多重继承问题的,直接用类名调用父类方法在使用单继承的时候没问题,但是如果使用多继承,会涉及到查找顺序(MRO)、重复调用(钻石继承)等种种问题。总之前人留下的经验就是:保持一致性。要不全部用类名调用父类,要不就全部用 super,不要一半一半。

普通继承

代码如下:


class FooParent(object): 
    def __init__(self): 
        self.parent = 'I\'m the parent.' 
        print 'Parent' 
     
    def bar(self,message): 
        print message, 'from Parent' 
         
class FooChild(FooParent): 
    def __init__(self): 
        FooParent.__init__(self) 
        print 'Child' 
         
    def bar(self,message): 
        FooParent.bar(self,message) 
        print 'Child bar function.' 
        print self.parent 
         
if __name__=='__main__': 
    fooChild = FooChild() 
    fooChild.bar('HelloWorld') 

super继承

代码如下:


class FooParent(object): 
    def __init__(self): 
        self.parent = 'I\'m the parent.' 
        print 'Parent' 
     
    def bar(self,message): 
        print message,'from Parent' 
 
class FooChild(FooParent): 
    def __init__(self): 
        super(FooChild,self).__init__() 
        print 'Child' 
         
    def bar(self,message): 
        super(FooChild, self).bar(message) 
        print 'Child bar fuction' 
        print self.parent 
 
if __name__ == '__main__': 
    fooChild = FooChild() 
    fooChild.bar('HelloWorld') 

程序运行结果相同,为:

代码如下:


Parent
Child
HelloWorld from Parent
Child bar fuction
I'm the parent.


从运行结果上看,普通继承和super继承是一样的。但是其实它们的内部运行机制不一样,这一点在多重继承时体现得很明显。在super机制里可以保证公共父类仅被执行一次,至于执行的顺序,是按照mro进行的(E.__mro__)。
注意super继承只能用于新式类,用于经典类时就会报错。
新式类:必须有继承的类,如果没什么想继承的,那就继承object
经典类:没有父类,如果此时调用super就会出现错误:『super() argument 1 must be type, not classobj』

关于super用法的详细研究可参考「http://www.bitsCN.com/article/66912.htm」

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