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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython Tutorial简单介绍使用Python解析并修改XML文档的方法

问题
你想读取一个XML文档,对它最一些修改,然后将结果写回XML文档。


解决方案

使用 xml.etree.ElementTree 模块可以很容易的处理这些任务。 第一步是以通常的方式来解析这个文档。例如,假设你有一个名为 pred.xml 的文档,类似下面这样:

下面是一个利用 ElementTree 来读取这个文档并对它做一些修改的例子:

>>> from xml.etree.ElementTree import parse, Element
>>> doc = parse('pred.xml')
>>> root = doc.getroot()
>>> root
<Element 'stop' at 0x100770cb0>

>>> # Remove a few elements
>>> root.remove(root.find('sri'))
>>> root.remove(root.find('cr'))
>>> # Insert a new element after <nm>...</nm>
>>> root.getchildren().index(root.find('nm'))
1
>>> e = Element('spam')
>>> e.text = 'This is a test'
>>> root.insert(2, e)

>>> # Write back to a file
>>> doc.write('newpred.xml', xml_declaration=True)
>>>

处理结果是一个像下面这样新的XML文件:


讨论
修改一个XML文档结构是很容易的,但是你必须牢记的是所有的修改都是针对父节点元素, 将它作为一个列表来处理。例如,如果你删除某个元素,通过调用父节点的 remove() 方法从它的直接父节点中删除。 如果你插入或增加新的元素,你同样使用父节点元素的 insert() 和 append() 方法。 还能对元素使用索引和切片操作,比如 element[i] 或 element[i:j]

如果你需要创建新的元素,可以使用本节方案中演示的 Element 类。我们在6.5小节已经详细讨论过了。

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