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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialPython中atexit模块的基本使用示例

atexit模块很简单,只定义了一个register函数用于注册程序退出时的回调函数,我们可以在这个回调函数中做一些资源清理的操作。

注:如果程序是非正常crash,或者通过os._exit()退出,注册的回调函数将不会被调用。

我们也可以通过sys.exitfunc来注册回调,但通过它只能注册一个回调,而且还不支持参数。所以建议大家使用atexit来注册回调函数。但千万不要在程序中同时使用这两种方式,否则通过atexit注册的回调可能不会被正常调用。其实通过查阅atexit的源码,你会发现原来它内部是通过sys.exitfunc来实现的,它先把注册的回调函数放到一个列表中,当程序退出的时候,按先进后出的顺序调用注册的回调。如果回调函数在执行过程中抛出了异常,atexit会打印异常的文字信息,并继续执行下一下回调,直到所有的回调都执行完毕,它会重新抛出最后接收到的异常。

如果使用的python版本是2.6,还可以用装饰器的语法来注册回调函数。

下面是一个例子,展示了atexit模块的使用:
 

import atexit
 
def exit0(*args, **kwarg):
  print 'exit0'
  for arg in args:
    print ' ' * 4, arg
 
  for item in kwarg.items():
    print ' ' * 4, item
 
def exit1():
  print 'exit1'
  raise Exception, 'exit1'
 
def exit2():
  print 'exit2'  
 
atexit.register(exit0, *[1, 2, 3], **{ "a": 1, "b": 2, })
atexit.register(exit1)
atexit.register(exit2)
 
@atexit.register
def exit3():
  print 'exit3'
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
  pass

下面是程序运行的结果,可以看到回调函数执行的顺序与它们被注册的顺序刚才相反。

201578113956933.jpg (513×365)

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