What are the restrictions on using goroutine in golang functions?

Limitations of using Goroutine in functions include: the inability to exit the parent function, the inability to directly return results, and the possibility of Goroutine leaks. In order to return results, channels need to be used for communication; to avoid leaks, Goroutines need to be closed correctly.

Restrictions on using Goroutine in Go language functions

Goroutine is a lightweight thread used for concurrent programming. Goroutines take up less resources than traditional threads and are managed by the Go program's scheduler. However, there are still some limitations to using goroutines in functions:

Cannot exit the parent function

When a goroutine is started, it executes in parallel with the function that started it. Therefore, goroutine cannot exit the parent function directly. If you need to exit the parent function from the goroutine, you can call the os.Exit function in the goroutine.

Cannot return the result directly

Because goroutine is executed concurrently, the result cannot be returned directly to the parent function. In order to return results, communication needs to be done using channels. A channel is an unbuffered queue that allows data to be passed safely between goroutines.

Goroutine leaks

If goroutine is not closed properly, it may cause goroutine leaks in the program. If goroutine leaks too much, it may exhaust system resources and cause the program to crash.

Practical case

The following example shows how to use goroutine in a function:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    // 启动一个goroutine，并在其中休眠1秒
    go func() {
        time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
        fmt.Println("Goroutine executed")
    }()

    // 等待goroutine执行完成
    time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
}

In the above example, main The function starts a goroutine and waits for it to complete. Then the program prints the output: "Goroutine executed".

It should be noted that:

• Make sure to close all open resources (such as files, network connections, etc.) before goroutine exits
• Use sync.WaitGroup or a channel to ensure that the main program does not exit before waiting for all goroutines to exit

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