Best practices and recommendations for golang generics

Go generic best practices: Use lowercase single letters when defining type parameters, use type declarations, and use angle bracket declarations in method signatures. Avoid overgeneralization and only generalize when necessary. Use type constraints to ensure type safety. Use empty interfaces (~interface{}) with caution to avoid sacrificing type safety. Use type aliases to improve readability and maintainability.

Best Practices and Recommendations for Go Generics

Go Generics are a powerful feature that allow you to write reusable and type-safe code. This guide will provide some best practices and advice to help you get the most out of Go generics.

Define type parameters

When defining type parameters, follow these rules:

• Use a single-letter, lowercase name to indicate type parameters.
• Use type for type parameters, not interface{}.
• Use angle brackets in method signatures to declare type parameters.

For example:

type MyList[T any] []T

Avoid overgeneralization

Although powerful, generics can also lead to overgeneralization. Only generalize when really needed. Consider the following example:

// 错误：过度泛化
func Sort[T any](s []T)

// 正确：只泛化排序元素
func SortInts(s []int)
func SortStrings(s []string)

Using type constraints

Type constraints allow you to specify conditions that a type parameter must satisfy. This helps ensure that your generic code is type safe.

type Number interface {
    ~int | ~int32 | ~int64 | ~float32 | ~float64
}

func Sum[T Number](s []T) T

Use empty interfaces with caution

The empty interface (~interface{}) is very flexible, but it sacrifices type safety. Only use empty interfaces when absolutely necessary.

Using type aliases

Type aliases allow you to create custom aliases for type parameters. This improves readability and maintainability.

type IntList = MyList[int]

Practical case: list sorting

Consider the following list sorting function using generics:

import "sort"

// MyList 定义一个泛型列表类型
type MyList[T any] []T

// Sort 对列表进行排序
func (l MyList[T]) Sort() {
    sort.Slice(l, func(i, j int) bool {
        return l[i] < l[j]
    })
}

In this example, the type parameter T is Defined as any, this means that the function can sort a list of values ​​of any type.

Conclusion

Using Go generics allows you to write more reusable and type-safe code. By following these best practices and recommendations, you can get the most out of generics functionality.

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