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HomeBackend DevelopmentC++The evolution of C++ function declarations: Syntax changes from C++98 to C++20

随着 C++ 标准演进,函数声明语法发生重大变化:从 C++98 到 C++11 引入了 auto 关键字,可自动推导返回值类型。C++14 增加了 constexpr 关键字,用于声明常量表达式函数。C++17 允许用 inline 关键字修饰声明,指示编译器内联函数。C++20 引入了协程,并添加了新的声明方式:task> add(int a, int b);

C++ 函数声明的演化:从 C++98 到 C++20 的语法变更

C++ 函数声明的演化:从 C++98 到 C++20 的语法变更

函数声明是 C++ 编程中定义函数原型的基本手段。随着 C++ 标准的不断演进,函数声明的语法也发生了显著的变化。本文将概述从 C++98 到 C++20 版本中函数声明的主要语法变更,并提供实用范例。

C++98

在 C++98 中,函数声明的语法如下:

类型 函数名(参数列表);

例如:

int add(int a, int b);

C++11

C++11 引入了 auto 关键字,允许在函数声明中自动推导返回值类型:

auto add(int a, int b) -> int;

此外,C++11 还增加了函数重载的语法糖:

int add(int a, int b);
int add(double a, double b);

C++14

C++14 引入了 constexpr 关键字,用于声明常量表达式函数:

constexpr int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }

C++17

C++17 允许使用 inline 关键字修饰函数声明,指示编译器内联该函数:

inline int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }

C++20

C++20 引入了协程 (coroutine),并添加了新的函数声明方式:

task<int> add(int a, int b);

实战案例

以下代码示例展示了不同 C++ 版本中函数声明语法:

// C++98
int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }

// C++11
auto add(int a, int b) -> int { return a + b; }

// C++14
constexpr int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }

// C++17
inline int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }

// C++20
task<int> add(int a, int b);

通过不断演进,C++ 函数声明的语法变得更加简洁、灵活和强大。这些变化简化了代码编写,提高了可读性,并引入了新的特性,例如协程和 constexpr 函数。

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