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Function templates provide compile-time variable functions generated by the compiler to improve code efficiency and versatility. Syntax: template75a837cf562f69348eb0e119bf9e56d8 T sum(T a, T b) Compile-time variability: Type parameters generate new function versions when called. Practical Example: Universal Sorting Algorithm Type Safety Operator Overloading Metaprogramming Benefits: Code Reuse Generality Compile Time Optimization Type Safety Considerations: Overgeneralization Overtype Limits Complexity of Template Metaprogramming
C Function Templates: The Secret of Compiler-Time Variability
Preface
Function templates are powerful tools in C that can New functions with different parameter types are generated at compile time. By taking advantage of compile-time variability, function templates can greatly improve code efficiency and versatility.
Syntax
The syntax of a function template is similar to an ordinary function, but with an additional d477f9ce7bf77f53fbcf36bec1b69b7a
keyword and one or more Type parameters:
template<typename T> T sum(T a, T b) { return a + b; }
Compile-time variability
The core of compile-time variability of function templates lies in type parameters. When the compiler encounters a function template call, it generates a new version of the function based on the provided type parameters. For example, the following are two instantiated versions of template sum
:
double sum(double a, double b) { return a + b; } int sum(int a, int b) { return a + b; }
Actual case
1. General sorting algorithm
Function templates can implement universal sorting algorithms regardless of the data type passed to the algorithm:
template<typename T> void sort(T* arr, int size) { // ... 排序实现 ... }
2. Type-safe mathematical operator overloading
Function templates can be used to overload arithmetic operators to provide type-safe operations for various data types:
template<typename T> T operator+(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }
3. Metaprogramming
Function templates are The basis for metaprogramming, a technique for generating or manipulating code at compile time:
template<int N> int factorial() { return N * factorial<N-1>(); // 递归终止于 N == 0 }
Advantages
Notes
You also need to pay attention to some things when using function templates:
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