Best practices for access modifiers of Java functions

Best practice for access modifiers for Java functions: Use the most restrictive modifier, which defaults to private. Inner classes use the private modifier. Protected methods use the protected modifier, allowing access by subclasses. All properties in the immutable class are set to private and accessed through getter methods. Public APIs use the public modifier to make them accessible to external classes.

Best Practices for Access Modifiers of Java Functions

Access modifiers control the access of code outside a class or package to methods, Property access rights. Following appropriate best practices improves code encapsulation, security, and promotes code maintainability.

Access permission modifiers

There are 4 access permission modifiers in Java:

• public: Class Or accessible outside the package
• protected: Accessible within the same package or subclass
• default (no explicit modifier): Same Accessible within the package
• private: Accessible only within the class

Best Practice

• Use the most restrictive access modifier: Methods and properties should be made private by default and raised only when necessary.
• Inner classes: For inner classes, use the private access modifier to restrict external access.
• Protected methods: Using the protected access modifier allows subclass methods to access parent class protected methods.
• Immutable classes: For immutable classes (classes whose state cannot be modified), all properties should be private and passed getter methods access.
• Public API: Public API should use the public access modifier so that it can be accessed by external classes.

Practical case

Consider a Person class, which has a getFirstName() method:

public class Person {
    private String firstName;

    public String getFirstName() {
        return firstName;
    }
}

Since the firstName attribute is only used internally by the class, make it private. The getFirstName() method uses the public access modifier so that it is accessible to external classes.

Conclusion

Following these best practices can significantly improve the accessibility, security, and maintainability of your Java code. By explicitly restricting access levels, you protect sensitive data, reduce coupling, and promote more robust, maintainable applications.

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