What is the industry standard for error handling and exception handling in C++ functions?

Industry standards dictate the use of the errno variable and exception handling to handle function errors and exceptions. Function error handling: use errno to track errors, perror() to print messages, and strerror() to convert to a string. Exception handling: try-catch catches exceptions, throw triggers exceptions, and the catch clause handles specific types of exceptions.

The industry standard for function error handling and exception handling in C

Handling function errors and exceptions in C is a must in software development Key practices that help create robust and reliable programs. Industry standards establish best practices for these processing mechanisms to ensure code maintainability and robustness.

Function error handling

• errno Variable: stores the error code that occurs when the system or library function is called.
• perror() Function: Print the error message represented by errno.
• strerror() Function: Convert errno code to string message.

Exception handling

• try-catch statement: used to catch and handle exceptions.
• throw Keyword: Throw an exception.
• catch Clause: Handler for a specific type of exception.

Practical Case

Consider the following example function, which reads from a file and prints its contents:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

void readFile(const string& filename) {
  ifstream file(filename);

  if (file.fail()) {
    perror("Error opening file");
    return;
  }

  string line;
  while (getline(file, line)) {
    cout << line << endl;
  }

  if (file.bad()) {
    throw runtime_error("Error reading file");
  }
}

Error Processing:

• Function uses if (file.fail()) to check whether the file cannot be opened. If it cannot be opened, it prints an error message and returns.

Exception handling:

• Inside the getline() loop, the function checks file.bad() to detect any read errors. If an error is detected, it raises a runtime_error exception.
• Where the function is called, you can catch the exception in a try-catch block and take appropriate action:

try {
  readFile("non-existent-file.txt");
} catch (const runtime_error& e) {
  cout << "Error reading file: " << e.what() << endl;
}

Best Practice

Follow these best practices for effective function error and exception handling:

• Consistently use standard mechanisms (errno, abnormal).
• Clearly document error messages and exception descriptions.
• Use detailed error codes to identify specific errors.
• When appropriate, use exceptions to indicate serious errors.
• Properly handle the caught exceptions.

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