What are the requirements for C++ functions returning custom types?
C++ 函数可以返回自定义类型,满足如下要求:类型完整定义。默认构造函数。值类型需要复制构造函数。
C++ 函数返回自定义类型
C++ 允许函数返回自定义类型,这意味着您可以让函数创建一个新对象并将其作为返回值。然而,对于返回自定义类型,函数存在一些要求:
- 类型必须完整定义:返回的自定义类型必须已经在函数被调用之前完整定义。这意味着它的所有成员函数和变量都必须声明并定义。
- 默认构造函数:返回的自定义类型必须具有一个默认构造函数,以便在函数返回时可以实例化该类型。
- 复制构造函数:如果函数返回一个非引用类型(即值类型),则它还需要一个复制构造函数,以便在函数返回时可以将对象复制到调用者。
代码示例
以下代码示例展示了如何让函数返回一个自定义类型:
#include <iostream> class MyType { public: int x; int y; MyType() : x(0), y(0) {} // 默认构造函数 MyType(int x, int y) : x(x), y(y) {} // 参数化构造函数 MyType(const MyType& other) : x(other.x), y(other.y) {} // 复制构造函数 }; MyType createMyType() { return MyType(10, 20); // 返回自定义类型对象 } int main() { MyType myType = createMyType(); std::cout << myType.x << ", " << myType.y << std::endl; // 输出:10, 20 return 0; }
在示例中,createMyType()
函数返回一个自定义类型 MyType
的对象。MyType
类定义了一个默认构造函数和一个带参数的构造函数,以及一个复制构造函数。在 main()
函数中,我们调用 createMyType()
函数并将返回对象存储在 myType
变量中。最后,我们打印 myType
的成员变量 x
和 y
的值。
注意:
- 如果函数返回一个引用(而非值),则不需要复制构造函数。
- 如果函数返回一个空类型(例如
void
),则无需满足上述要求。
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