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第一部分, 在一台服务器构建多mysql 服务.
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一,绪言
在Mysql中有一mysqld_multi命令,可用于在一台物理服务器运行多个Mysql服务,今天参考一些文档,亲自测试并通过,真高兴,现将操作过程共享给大家!
操作系统:Linux 2.6.13 (Slackware),其它版的Linux应该也差不多.
数据库:Mysql 4.0.17 源程序安装(相信最新的5.1.*也差不多,过些天再试试)
规划:运行4个mysql服务:
假设服务器名:db-app (IP为192.168.0.100),
假设服务器名:db-app2 (IP为192.168.0.101),
下文直到第二部分,均为讲述db-app中的mysql,
二,准备
用mysql源程序安装,假设在安装时用的configura选择项氯?
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data1 --sysconfdir=/etc
备注:--prefix将MYSQL安装到/usr/local/mysql,
--datadir将数据库生成/usr/local/mysql/data1
sysconfdir是指定mysql使用到的my.cnf配置文件的搜索路径为/etc
其他mysql安装过程略.
根据Mysql管理手册中提到:每个Mysql的服务都可为独立的,所以它都调用一个my.cnf中各自不同的启动选项--就是下文中将提到的GNR值,使用不同的端口,生成各自的套接文件,服务的数据库都是独立的(更多可查阅mysql官方网站的英文管理手册).
mysqld_multi是管理多个mysqld的服务进程,这些服务进程程序不同的unix socket或是监听于不同的端口。他可以启动、停止和监控当前的服务状态。
----程序在my.cnf(或是在--config-file自定义的配置文件)中搜索[mysqld#]段,"#"可以是任意的正整数。这个正整数就是在下面提及的段序列,即GNR。段的序号做为mysqld_multi的参数,来区别不同的段,这样你就可以控制特定mysqld进程的启动、停止或得到他的报告信息。这些组里的参数就像启动一个mysqld所需要的组的参数一样。但是,如果使用多服务,必须为每个服务指定一个unix socket或端口(摘自http://mifor.4dian.org中的使用mysqld_multi程序管理多个MySQL服务 )。
从上述文字可看到多Mysql服务中最重要的就是my.cnf配置文件了.
现我贴出我的my.cnf文件.-----------------------
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
user = mysql (用一个帐号来启动所有的mysql服务器,因为是用一相同的帐号。那个么这帐号必须都是每个mysql服务都要用的帐号,最好是管理帐号,下面的口令与相同)
password = mypaswd
[mysqld1]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data1/db-app1.pid
log=/usr/local/mysql/data1/db-app.log
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
user = mysql
[mysqld2]
port = 3307
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data2/db-app2.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2
log=/usr/local/mysql/data2/db-app.log
user = mysql
[mysqld3]
port = 3308
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/db-app3.pid3
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data3
log=/usr/local/mysql/data3/db-app.log
user = mysql
[mysqld4]
port = 3309
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/db-app4.pid
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data4
log=/usr/local/mysql/data4/db-app.log
user = mysql
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
我的配置文件中有mysqld1,mysqld2,mysqld3,mysqld4。就是说我将启动4个mysql服务在同一服务器的不同端口——3306-3309,每datadir所指定的数据库文件路径都是不相同的,都有各自不同的日志文件。其它一些设置可用my.cnf 原来的内容.
ok, 重要的my.cnf编好的,现在为配置中不同mysql 服务建立各自文件夹和初始数据库等.
[mysqld1]是一个默认的,在我们安装mysql时已经有了,所以不用管它.
[mysqld2],只要根据配置就的路径为它建立一个目录就可以了.将把该目录改为mysql管理权
db-app:/ # mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data2
建数据库,我们可以把默认的mysql数据库复制过来,以利用其它的mysql帐号,其它数据库根据应用再建立.
db-app:/ # cp /usr/local/mysql/data1/mysql /usr/local/mysql/data2 -R
db-app:/ # chmod mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data2 -R
[mysqld3],[mysqld4], 相同.
我们可能看看这些目录是否都存在.
db-app:/ # ls -l /usr/local/mysql/
drwxr-xr-x 6 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:54 data4
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:14 data1
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:54 data2
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:54 data3
现在可以通过mysqld_multi启动了。
三,mysqld_multi命令.
使用如下参数来启动mysqld_multi: (注:该命令在mysql的bin目录中,根据上面所提到./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql ,所以该文件应该在 /usr/local/mysq/bin, 这得根据你安装时所指定的路径 )
db-app:/ # mysqld_multi [options] {start|stop|report} [GNR[,GNR]...]
start,stop和report是指你想到执行的操作。你可以在单独的服务或是多服务上指定一个操作,区别于选项后面的GNR列表。如果没有指定GNR列表,那么mysqld_multi将在所有的服务中根据选项文件进行操作。
每一个GNR的值是组的序列号或是一个组的序列号范围。此项的值必须是组名字最后的数字,比如说如果组名为mysqld17,那么此项的值则为17.如果指定一个范围,使用"-"(破折号)来连接二个数字。如GNR的值为10-13,则指组mysqld10到组mysqld13。多个组或是组范围可以在命令行中指定,使用","(逗号)隔开。不能有空白的字符(如空格或tab),在空白字符后面的参数将会被忽略。 (注:GNR值就是我们定义my.cnf中mysqld#中的值,我这里只有1-4).

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