Revealing the secret of str in Go language

Go language is a fast, concise, and efficient open source programming language that is increasingly loved and welcomed by programmers. String (string) is one of the data types frequently used in programs, and it also has a unique processing method in the Go language. This article will lead readers to uncover the mystery of strings (str) in Go language, and analyze its usage and characteristics through specific code examples.

Definition and initialization of string

In Go language, a string is a sequence of characters wrapped in double quotes "", for example:

str := "Hello, World!"

We can also use backticks ` to define the original string to avoid the trouble of character escaping:

rawStr := `This is a raw string 
`
fmt.Println(rawStr) // 输出：This is a raw string 

Basic operations of strings

String concatenation

In Go language, you can use to connect two strings:

str1 := "Hello, "
str2 := "World!"
result := str1 + str2
fmt.Println(result) // 输出：Hello, World!

String interception

You can use slicing to intercept strings Part of the content:

str := "Hello, World!"
subStr := str[7:12]
fmt.Println(subStr) // 输出：World

String length

Use the built-in function len() to get the length of the string:

str := "Hello, World!"
length := len(str)
fmt.Println(length) // 输出：13

String traversal

Traverse the string through the range keyword and index:

str := "Hello, World!"
for i, char := range str {
    fmt.Printf("%d: %c
", i, char)
}

Immutability of the string

In the Go language, the string is immutable , meaning that once a string is created, its contents cannot be modified. If you try to modify a character in the string, an error will be reported.

str := "Hello"
// str[0] = 'h' // 编译错误：cannot assign to str[i]

Conversion of strings

Convert strings to integers

Use the functions in the strconv package to convert strings to integers:

numStr := "123"
num, _ := strconv.Atoi(numStr)
fmt.Printf("%T: %d
", num, num) // 输出：int: 123

Integer to string

Use the function in the strconv package to convert the integer to a string:

num := 123
numStr := strconv.Itoa(num)
fmt.Printf("%T: %s
", numStr, numStr) // 输出：string: 123

Comparison of strings

Characters String comparison is very simple in Go language. You can directly use == and != for comparison:

str1 := "hello"
str2 := "Hello"
result := str1 == str2
fmt.Println(result) // 输出：false

String splicing performance optimization

Although can be used directly to splice strings in Go language, the efficiency is not high. To improve performance, you can use strings.Builder or strings.Join to join strings.

var builder strings.Builder
for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
    builder.WriteString("Hello")
}
result := builder.String()
fmt.Println(result)

Conclusion

Through the introduction of this article, readers have a deeper understanding of the definition, basic operations, immutability, conversion, comparison and performance optimization of strings (str) in the Go language. . Knowing how to use strings is crucial to writing efficient and robust programs. I hope this article can help readers better understand and utilize the mysteries of strings in the Go language.

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