好久没有整理东西,感觉自己越来越懒,正好近期有个MYSQL的项目(一个ORACLE的应用迁移到MYSQL),以前没有接触过MYSQL,但是也知道MYSQL数据库目前广泛的应用在各种个人、商务系统中,各种技术都比较成熟。把自己学习的一些过程总结一下,该文章设计到的内容都没有做太详细的阐述,只是一个简单的入门手册。
1 数据类型
MySQL支持所有标准SQL数值数据类型。这些类型包括严格数值数据类型(INTEGER、SMALLINT、DECIMAL和NUMERIC),以及近似数值数据类型(FLOAT、REAL和DOUBLE PRECISION)。关键字INT是INTEGER的同义词,关键字DEC是DECIMAL的同义词
2 字符串函数
CHARSET(str) //返回字串字符集
CONCAT (string2 [,… ]) //连接字串,注意不要沿用ORACLE习惯
mysql> select concat('a','b');
+-----------------+
| concat('a','b') |
+-----------------+
| ab |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> select 'a'||'b';
+----------+
| 'a'||'b' |
+----------+
| 0 |
+----------+
1 row in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
INSTR (string ,substring ) //返回substring首次在string中出现的位置,不存在返回0
LCASE (string2 ) //转换成小写
LEFT (string2 ,length ) //从string2中的左起取length个字符
LENGTH (string ) //string长度
LOAD_FILE (file_name ) //从文件读取内容
LOCATE (substring , string [,start_position ] )
//同INSTR,但可指定开始位置
LPAD (string2 ,length ,pad ) //重复用pad加在string开头,直到字串长度
为length
LTRIM (string2 ) //去除前端空格
REPEAT (string2 ,count ) //重复count次
REPLACE (str ,search_str ,replace_str )
//在str中用replace_str替换search_str
RPAD (string2 ,length ,pad) //在str后用pad补充,直到长度length
RTRIM (string2 ) //去除后端空格
STRCMP (string1 ,string2 ) //逐字符比较两字串大小,
SUBSTRING (str , position [,length ])
//从str的position开始,取length个字符
注:mysql中处理字符串时,默认第一个字符下标为1,即参数position必须大于等于1 。
mysql> select substring('abcd',0,2);
+-----------------------+
| substring('abcd',0,2) |
+-----------------------+
| |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.06 sec)
mysql> select substring('abcd',1,2);
+-----------------------+
| substring('abcd',1,2) |
+-----------------------+
| ab |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
TRIM([[BOTH|LEADING|TRAILING] [padding] FROM]string2)
//去除指定位置的指定字符
UCASE (string2 ) //转换成大写
RIGHT(string2,length) //取string2最后length个字符
SPACE(count) //生成count个空格
3 数学函数
ABS (number2 ) //绝对值 BIN (decimal_number ) //十进制转二进制 CEILING (number2 ) //向上取整 CONV(number2,from_base,to_base) //进制转换 FLOOR (number2 ) //向下取整 FORMAT (number,decimal_places ) //保留小数位数 HEX (DecimalNumber ) //转十六进制注:HEX()中可传入字符串,则返回其ASC-11码,如HEX(’DEF’)返回4142143 也可以传入十进制整数,返回其十六进制编码,如HEX(25)返回19 LEAST (number , number2 [,..]) //求最小值 MOD (numerator ,denominator ) //求余 POWER (number ,power ) //求指数 RAND([seed]) //随机数 ROUND (number [,decimals ]) //四舍五入,decimals为小数位数]
注:返回类型并非均为整数,如:
(1)默认变为整形值
mysql> select round(1.23); +————-+ | round(1.23) | +————-+ | 1 | +————-+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select round(1.56); +————-+ | round(1.56) | +————-+ | 2 | +————-+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(2)可以设定小数位数,返回浮点型数据
mysql> select round(1.567,2);
+—————-+
| round(1.567,2) |
+—————-+
| 1.57 |
+—————-+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
SIGN (number2 ) //返回符号,正负或0
SQRT(number2) //开平方

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In enterprise-level application scenarios that require high availability, advanced security and good integration, SQLServer should be chosen instead of MySQL. 1) SQLServer provides enterprise-level features such as high availability and advanced security. 2) It is closely integrated with Microsoft ecosystems such as VisualStudio and PowerBI. 3) SQLServer performs excellent in performance optimization and supports memory-optimized tables and column storage indexes.

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MySQL is suitable for rapid development and small and medium-sized applications, while Oracle is suitable for large enterprises and high availability needs. 1) MySQL is open source and easy to use, suitable for web applications and small and medium-sized enterprises. 2) Oracle is powerful and suitable for large enterprises and government agencies. 3) MySQL supports a variety of storage engines, and Oracle provides rich enterprise-level functions.

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