How Golang single-threaded mode works

How Golang single-threaded mode works

Among modern programming languages, Golang (also known as Go language) has attracted much attention due to its efficient concurrent processing capabilities. Golang's concurrency model adopts a unique approach, that is, single-threaded mode. This article will introduce in detail how Golang single-threaded mode works and provide specific code examples.

1. Golang’s concurrency model

Golang uses a mechanism called Goroutine to achieve concurrency. Goroutine is a lightweight thread managed by the runtime environment of the Go language. Compared with traditional threads, Goroutine's creation, destruction and scheduling overhead are smaller, and it can efficiently utilize multi-core processors.

At the same time, Golang also provides a unique data structure called Channel for communication between Goroutines. Channels are a bridge for communication between Goroutines, making concurrent programming simpler and safer.

2. Working principle of single-threaded mode

In Golang, although Goroutine is used to achieve concurrency, in fact all Goroutines run on a single operating system thread. This is Golang's single-threaded mode.

In single-threaded mode, Golang's runtime environment will automatically allocate multiple Goroutines to available logical processors (Logical Processor). A logical processor is an abstraction of operating system threads used to perform Goroutine scheduling and execution.

Golang's runtime environment will dynamically adjust the number of logical processors based on the number of CPU cores in the current system, and schedule different Goroutines on different logical processors. In this way, Golang can still achieve efficient concurrent processing capabilities even in single-threaded mode.

3. Code Example

The following is a simple code example that demonstrates how to use Goroutine and channels to implement concurrent calculations in Golang:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
)

func calculateSum(numbers []int, resultChan chan int) {
    sum := 0
    for _, num := range numbers {
        sum=num
    }
    resultChan <- sum
}

func main() {
    numbers := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
    resultChan := make(chan int)

    go calculateSum(numbers[:len(numbers)/2], resultChan)
    go calculateSum(numbers[len(numbers)/2:], resultChan)

    sum1 := <-resultChan
    sum2 := <-resultChan

    totalSum := sum1 sum2
    fmt.Println("Total sum:", totalSum)
}

In the above code, we define a calculateSum function to calculate the sum of the elements in the slice numbers, and pass the result back to the main thread through the channel resultChan. In the main function, we create two Goroutines to calculate the sum of the first half and the second half of numbers respectively, and finally add the results and output them.

By running this code, we can see how Golang uses single-threaded mode to achieve efficient concurrent computing.

Conclusion

In short, Golang's single-threaded mode is an efficient concurrent processing method that provides simple and powerful concurrent programming capabilities through Goroutine and channels. Developers can use Golang's concurrency model to write efficient and concise concurrent programs. I hope this article will help you understand Golang single-threaded mode.

The above is the detailed content of How Golang single-threaded mode works. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!