Storage mechanism and management strategy of ibd files in MySQL

Storage mechanism and management strategy of ibd files in MySQL

MySQL is a commonly used relational database management system that is widely used in data management in various fields. In MySQL, the data and indexes of the data table are stored in different ways. The InnoDB storage engine uses ibd files to store data. This article will introduce the storage mechanism and management strategy of ibd files in MySQL, and give some specific code examples.

1. Storage mechanism of ibd file

1. Storage of data pages
   InnoDB storage engine uses a storage method called clustered index to store data and primary key index together. Data page is the most basic storage unit in the InnoDB storage engine. The default size of each data page is 16KB. In the ibd file, the data pages are organized in the form of B-tree. The leaf nodes store data records, and the non-leaf nodes store pointers to the next-level nodes.
2. Types of pages
   In the ibd file, there are many types of data pages, including data pages, index pages, undo pages, etc. The data page is used to store the data records of the table, the index page is used to store index information, and the undo page is used to store historical version information of the transaction. These different types of pages are managed and stored in different ways in the ibd file.
3. Space Management
   The InnoDB storage engine uses MVCC (Multiple Version Concurrency Control) to manage concurrent access to data. When updating data, InnoDB will mark the original data for deletion and add a new data record. The data marked for deletion will be cleared in subsequent operations. This approach can reduce lock competition and improve concurrency performance.

2. Management strategy of ibd file

1. Regular maintenance
   In order to maintain the performance and stability of the ibd file, it needs to be maintained regularly. You can use commands such as OPTIMIZE TABLE and ANALYZE TABLE to optimize the storage structure of the table, clean up fragmented space, and improve query performance.
2. Set parameters reasonably
   In the MySQL configuration file, you can set some parameters to control the size of the ibd file, automatic expansion and other behaviors. For example, the innodb_file_per_table parameter can control whether the data of each table is stored in a separate ibd file, and the innodb_file_format parameter can control the format of the ibd file.
3. Monitor space usage
   Regularly monitor the space usage of ibd files, understand the data growth of the table, and adjust storage strategies in a timely manner. The size and usage of the ibd file can be obtained by querying the table in the information_schema database.

Code example:

-- Query table storage engine
SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'table_name';

-- Check the size of ibd file
SELECT table_name, table_rows, data_length, index_length
FROM information_schema.TABLES
WHERE table_schema = 'database_name' AND table_name = 'table_name';

-- Optimize the storage structure of the table
OPTIMIZE TABLE table_name;

-- Clean up the fragmented space of ibd file
ALTER TABLE table_name ENGINE=INNODB;

Summary:

By understanding the storage mechanism and management strategy of ibd files in MySQL, you can better optimize the performance and stability of the database. Regular maintenance and monitoring of the space usage of the ibd file and reasonable setting of parameters can improve database performance. I hope this article is helpful to you, thank you for reading!

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