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InnoDB和MyISAM是在使用MySQL最常用的两个表类型,各有优缺点,视具体应用而定。基本的差别为:MyISAM类型不支持事务处理等高级处理,而InnoDB类型支持。MyISAM类型的表强调的是性能,其执行数度比InnoDB类型更快,但是不提供事务支持,而InnoDB提供事务支持已经外部键等高级数据库功能。
MyIASM是IASM表的新版本,有如下扩展:
二进制层次的可移植性。
NULL列索引。
对变长行比ISAM表有更少的碎片。
支持大文件。
更好的索引压缩。
更好的键吗统计分布。
更好和更快的auto_increment处理。
以下是一些细节和具体实现的差别:
1.InnoDB不支持FULLTEXT类型的索引。
2.InnoDB 中不保存表的具体行数,也就是说,执行select count(*) from table时,InnoDB要扫描一遍整个表来计算有多少行,但是MyISAM只要简单的读出保存好的行数即可。注意的是,当count(*)语句包含 where条件时,两种表的操作是一样的。
3.对于AUTO_INCREMENT类型的字段,InnoDB中必须包含只有该字段的索引,但是在MyISAM表中,可以和其他字段一起建立联合索引。
4.DELETE FROM table时,InnoDB不会重新建立表,而是一行一行的删除。
5.LOAD TABLE FROM MASTER操作对InnoDB是不起作用的,解决方法是首先把InnoDB表改成MyISAM表,导入数据后再改成InnoDB表,但是对于使用的额外的InnoDB特性(例如外键)的表不适用。
另外,InnoDB表的行锁也不是绝对的,如果在执行一个SQL语句时MySQL不能确定要扫描的范围,InnoDB表同样会锁全表,例如update table set num=1 where name like “%aaa%”
任何一种表都不是万能的,只用恰当的针对业务类型来选择合适的表类型,才能最大的发挥MySQL的性能优势。
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