A must-read for beginners: Master the basics of Golang coroutines

Golang is a programming language that has attracted much attention in recent years. Its powerful concurrency processing capabilities have made it widely used in the Internet field. Among them, goroutine is one of the core concepts of concurrent programming in Golang. For beginners, mastering the basic knowledge of goroutine will be of great benefit to future learning and development work. This article will explain what coroutines are, how to create and manage coroutines, and communication between coroutines, and attach specific code examples to help beginners better understand and master the basic knowledge of Golang coroutines.

What is a coroutine?

A coroutine is a lightweight thread that is scheduled and managed by the runtime environment (runtime) of the Go language. Compared with traditional operating system threads (OS Thread), the creation and destruction overhead of coroutines is smaller. Thousands of coroutines can be easily created to achieve efficient concurrent processing. The characteristics of coroutines include:

1. Lightweight: The creation and switching overhead of coroutines is very small.
2. Concurrency: Multiple coroutines can be executed at the same time.
3. Communication: Coroutines can communicate through channels.

How to create and manage coroutines

In Golang, use the keyword go to start a new coroutine. The following is a simple example that creates a coroutine and outputs "Hello, Golang!":

package main

import (
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    go func() {
        fmt.Println("Hello, Golang!")
    }()
    
    // 阻塞主协程，以等待新协程执行完毕
    var input string
    fmt.Scanln(&input)
}

In the above example, a coroutine is created by go func() {} The coroutine will output "Hello, Golang!". It should be noted that fmt.Scanln(&input) is used in the main coroutine to block the main coroutine to wait for the new coroutine to complete execution. Otherwise, after the main coroutine is executed, the program will exit directly, and the new coroutine may not have time to output content.

Communication between coroutines

Communication between coroutines is a very important concept in Golang concurrent programming, and is usually implemented through channels. A channel is a type used to transfer data between coroutines to ensure the security of data transmission. Here is a simple example that demonstrates how to use channels for communication between coroutines:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    ch := make(chan string)

    go func() {
        ch <- "Hello"
    }()

    msg := <- ch
    fmt.Println(msg)
}

In the above example, a string type is created by make(chan string) Channel ch. In the new coroutine, a string "Hello" is sent to channel ch, and then in the main coroutine, the data in the channel is received through msg := , and output to the console.

Summary

Through the introduction and sample code of this article, beginners can initially master the basic knowledge of Golang coroutines, including what coroutines are, how to create and manage coroutines, and the relationship between coroutines. communications, etc. Coroutines are one of the core concepts of concurrent programming in Golang and are very important for improving the concurrent processing capabilities of programs. I hope this article can help beginners better understand and master the basic knowledge of Golang coroutines, and lay a solid foundation for future learning and development work.

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